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Universal Soil Classification

This initiative aims to develop a universal soil classification system to streamline soil categorization globally. With core members leading the way, it focuses on simplification, user needs, and diagnostic criteria to accommodate various soil types. The working groups seek to establish standardized nomenclature for profiles and horizons, catering to both scientific and non-technical users. By exploring innovative methods and global datasets, this project addresses the limitations of current systems like Soil Taxonomy, ensuring accurate assessments of diverse topsoils worldwide.

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Universal Soil Classification

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  1. Universal Soil Classification Jon Hempel Alex McBratney Erika Micheli IUSS USC Working Group International ASA/CSSA/SSSA Annual Meeting San Antonio, TX October 19, 2011

  2. “Bridging the Centuries” Conference in Gödöllő, Hungary-September 2009Declaration to “IUSS”(on the need for a Universal Soil Classification system)

  3. IUSS Council Approval of USC Working Group from the minutes of IUSS Council, Brisbane, AU, August 2010 • The Working Group on Universal Soil Classification was agreed with a time limit of 8 years (2018) and a review of progress towards an agreed Soil Classification System after 4 years (2014), with an interim document report in 2012.

  4. Core Working Group Membership • Jon Hempel, Director-National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE (Chair) • Erika Micheli, Head Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry SzentIstvan University Gödöllő,  Hungary (Co-Chair) • Alex McBratney, University of Sydney, Sydney, AU • Alfred Hartemink, ISRIC, Wagenigen, the Netherlands • Ben Harms, Department of Natural Resources, Indoorroopilly, QLD, AU • Curtis Monger, New Mexico State University • Ganlin Zhang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanzing, China • Humberto Santos, Embrapra Solos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil • John Galbraith, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA • Luca Montanarella, Action Leader, Joint Research Center, Ispra, Italy • Lucia Anjos, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Soils Department, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil • Method Kilasara, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Tanzania • Micheal Golden, Director-Soil Survey Division, Washington, DC • Peter Schad, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Sciences, TechnischeUniversitat, Munchen, Germany • Pavel Krasilnikov, Institute of Biology , Karelia Research Center RAS, Petrozavodsk , Russia • Phillip Owens, Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN • Sergey V. Goryachkin, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

  5. Ways forward for a Universal Soil Classification System • Very positive responses from many sectors of soil scientific community • IUSS Backing • Growing interest in soil science information • We need not start from scratch • Needs for the future

  6. Considerations for a Universal Soil Classification System • Simplification • ST example • User community • Enable others??? • Anthropogenic concerns (erosion, compaction, drainage, siltation, etc) • Numeric/continousclassification

  7. Task Groups • Accept diagnostic criteria from existing systems • Chair: Erika Micheli • Determine the appropriate categorical level at which to start classification • Chair: Pavel Krasilnikov • Need a profile (pedon) classification system

  8. Task Groups • Compare guidelines for field profile descriptions (redox, structure, color, consistency, texture, etc.) • Propose a standardized nomenclature • Chair: Peter Schad (Reinhold Jahn) • Compare and compile horizon nomenclature, designations, definitions • Propose a standardized nomenclature • Chair: Curtis Monger and Lucia Anjos

  9. Task Groups • Larger user groups than the current systems • Chair: Luca Montanarella • Dual (parallel) nomenclature that includes and accommodates both a scientific and non-technical language (English lay / Texas vernacular) • Chair: John Galbraith

  10. Task Groups • Recommend laboratory methods and correlation rules • IUSS Liaison: Alfred Hartemink • Explore other diagnostics (e.g. soil biology) • IUSS and NCSS soil ecology Liaison: Alfred Hartemink • Explore other observation methods (e.g. spectroscopy, gamma radiometrics) • Chair: Alex McBratney

  11. Explore data and knowledge acquisition for soils (pedons) from Earth and other planets and depths greater than 2 m (e.g. Anthropogenic, Urban, Subaqueous, Paleosols, Other planets) • Chair: John Galbraith

  12. Contemporary soil classification systems (including Soil Taxonomy) are very poor for topsoil assessments Ochric horizon is a “garbage can” for different topsoil types USC should take into account the real diversity of topsoils of the world

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