Science Of Hadeeth

1. Science Of Hadeeth By: ArshadBasheerMadani Founder and Director of www.Askislampedia.com 00919290621633 ( whatssapp) askmadani@gmail.com

2. 1#Hadeeth in Literal sense • Linguistically : • Jadeed = Modern

3. الحديث : الحديث ما ذُكر عن النبي مِن : قول أو فعل أو تقرير أو صفة خَلْقية أو خُلُقية أو سيرة سوآءً كان قبل البعثة أو بعدها. [السنة و مكانتها في التشريع الإسلامي ص 47]

4. 2#Hadeeth in Terminology “Hadith is anything that is mentioned about Allaah’s Messenger (صلي الله عليه وسلم) from: Speech, Action, Approval, Description of the physical characteristics of manners or biography; be it before the prophethood or after that” [As SunnahWaMakaanatuha Fit Tashree- Al-Islami Pg 47]

5. The linguistic meaning of hadith: is ‘new’ or ‘something new’. • The technical meaning of hadithis: every piece of information attributed to the Prophetﷺ which is based on his statements, his actions and also his approvals, including his personal attributes and his mannerisms.

7. Whenever you want to consider a hadees as sahih then you must focus on 5 things • Out of these 5 things • 3 things must be there And 2 things must not be there So now let us understand the three things which should be there are ittisaalussanad ,adalat and tammuzzabt And the two things which should not be there are no shazzand no illat

8. 3# A. sahih • #Definition of a SahihHadith : • In the technical convention of the sciences of hadith, a sahihhadith is the one 1.whose chains are connected (Muttasil) 2.which has the just (i.e impartial) narrators,( Adalat) 3.which has the narrations from those that have a firm grip over their memorisation,(tammuzzabat) 4.There should not be any oddity: [NoSHAZZ] : A trustworthy narrator (siqah) should not be contradicting another most trustworthy narrator (ausaq). 5.No hidden defect in the hadith: There shouldn’t be any hidden defect in the narration (which is not obvious) . (NO Illatkhafiyyakadihah)

9. 4# Ziyadatussiqatimaqboolatunmalamyukalifalausaqminhu • ShaikhAlbani has strongly objected and refuted those who say that any addition from a siqah narration is acceptable. He says that this is incorrect. The fact of the matter is that the addition of a siqah narrator is acceptable as long as it doesn’t contradict that of the ausaq narrator. However if it contradicts then it’s not acceptable.

10. 5#B.HASANDefinition of a HASAN Hadith Some scholars have considered the addition of [tammuzzabt] absolutely necessary so that the difference between sahih and hasan is understood. Hadith with [tammuzzabt] is considered sahih and the one with [khafeefuzzabt] is considered hasan.

11. 4 types of memory power • Muhaddiseen have classified 4 types of memory power • 1.strongest memory power = sahihlizatihi • 2.strong memeory power = hasanlizatithi • and if the hasanlizatihi level hadees is getting support from another chain then it will be elevated to sahihligairihi • 3.weak memory power = zaeefmunjabir • And if zaeefmunjabir it is getting support from mulitiple chains from that level then it will be elevated from weak to hasanligairihi • 4. weakest form of memory power will be considered as zaeefgairmumjabir (not consolidated zaeef form)

12. 6# C. Zaeef : Definition of the (Zaeef) weak hadith • Linguistically dhaeef (weak) is the opposite of quaviy (strong). • Technically a weak hadith is a hadith in which the criteria of a hasanhadith are not completely found.

13. 7#D. MOUZOO = Fabricated : • It’s the kind of weak hadith in which baseless things are attributed to the Prophet ﷺ.

14. 8#Classification of ahaadith based on acceptance and non acceptance. • Maqbool: 1)Sahih, 2)Hasan and • Mardood : • 1)Weak , 2)Fabricated

15. 9#Mardood ahaadith are rejected based on 3 factors : 1. When there’s a lapse in the chain i.e when the chain is broken and a narrator in the middle is missing. 2.Because of the disputes of the narrators : If any trustworthy (siqa) narrator has a different narration from narration of the (most trust worthy)highly credible authorities (ausaq), then the hadith becomes weak. 3.Because of the malignancy of a narrator : If a narrator is maligned and his character arouses suspicion, also then the hadith is classed as dhaeef.

16. 10#Sahih lighairihee • is the kind of hasanlizaatiheehadith which is narrated from another chain and that chain should be as strong as the first one, or even stronger. This is called sahihlighairihee because this kind of hadith is not considered sahih on its own, rather because of the consolidated support from another hadith.

17. 11# Hasanlighairihee: • 1.is a hadith whose chain is weak munjabir, however it has been narrated from a number of other narrations. • 2.Its weakness is not because the narrator is a liar or dissolute.

18. Therefore we extract from its definition that a dhaeefmunjabir (a weak munjabir) hadith can rise to the level of hasanlighairihee due to the following: • That it is also narrated from another chain, and the second chain is either like the first or even stronger. • That the hadith was actually classed as weak because of the poor retention of the narrator or because the chain was broken and the ignorance of the narrator about it i.e there is no blame on the narrator about lying or about being dissolute.

19. Note: Only the weak munjabir can rise to the level of hasanlighairihee, i.e. on qualifying the conditions and the weak non-munjabir which is of the primary category of dhaeef, or afflicted with lies, or a fabricated hadith cannot qualify to be a hasanlighairihee even if it has many chains, instead it would be rejected in every way. [Sh. Albani(r)]

20. 12 #GAIR MUTTASIL • Mursal: is a kind of weak hadith in which a taab’ee narrates a hadith from the Prophetﷺ without the source of a companion. • Mu’allaq: is a kind of weak hadith in which one or all the narrators are missing right from the beginning of the chain. • Mu’zal: is a kind of a weak hadith in which 2 or more narrators are missing together. • Munquati’ : is a kind of a weak hadith in which the chain is broken for any reason, i.e it’s not connected. • Matrook : is a kind of a weak hadith on a narrator of which is a blame for lying. • Munkar : is a kind of a weak hadith in which a narrator is either dissolute, innovator or someone who errs too much, or somebody who is negligent. According to Imam Ahmed ibnHanbal , Munkar is a hadith in which a weak narrator contradicts the siqah .

21. 13#The manuscripts (books) of the companions 1.Saheefa Sadiqa - The manuscript was of Abdullah IbnAmrIbnAas (may Allah be pleased with him) (Ibn Abdul Burr: Jaami’ Bayaan Al IlmWaFadlihi 1: 73, Al Khateeb: Taqyeed Al Ilm page 84-85) • NOTE: Anyone interested in looking at the manuscript “SaheefaSadiqa” can see: Musnad Ahmed, Vol 2, page 158 - 226.

22. 2.Saheefa SamurahIbnJundub (may Allah be pleased with him) (IbnHajar: Tahzeeb At-Tahzeeb, Vol 4, page 236) 3.Saheefa Sa’dIbnUbaadah (may Allah be pleased with him) (Tirmidhi - Kitaab Al Ahkaam - Baab Al YameenMa’ash-Shaahid) 4.Saheefa Jabir Ibn Abdullah Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) This is available in the Turkish library: ShaheedAliy.

23. 5. Saheefa Abdullah IbnAbiAwfa (may Allah be pleased with him) (Bukhari - Kitab Al Jihad - 6. Saheefa Abu Raafi’ MaulaRasuulullah (Al Khateeb: Al Kifaayah: page 330) 7. Saheefa Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) (Ibn Abdul Birr: Jaami’ Bayaan Al IlmWaFadlihi, Vol 1, page 73. This manuscript was printed and published, with the verification by MuhammedHameedullah)

24. 8.Saheefa Abu Musa Ash’ari (This is available in the Turkish library: ShaheedAliy.) 9.Saheefa Sahiha - HammaamIbnMunabbah (may Allah be pleased with him) (This manuscript was printed and published, with the verification by MuhammedHameedullah)

25. 15#USAGE : • 1. Hadeeth : The word of Allaah [SurahZumar 39: 23] • 2. Hadeeth : The word of Allaah’s Messenger • (صلي الله عليه وسلم) [Surah At-Tahreem 66:3] • 3. “Al- Hadeeth” : The Words of the companions [Narrated by Abu Qatadah (r.a) SsheehBukhari, and Sahih Muslim The book of Vision (Kitab Al-Ruya) 5616]

26. 16#Explanation through Examples • The Speech [Pillars of Islam Narrated IbnUmar (r.a.) SaheehBukhari The Book of Belief 1:7; Saheeh Muslim; Musnad Ahmad. Tirmidhi, Nasaii. Authenticated by Albani in Saheeh Al Jaami 2840] • The Action [Two Rakaat of Fajar Narrated by Aisha (r.a.) SaheehBukhari The Book of Call to Prayers (Adhaan) 1:593; Saheeh Muslim; Abu Dawud; Tirmidhi;Nasaii; IbnMajah;Daarmi] • The Approval [Two Rakaat after Dawn Narrated by Qais Bin Amr (r.a.) Abu Dawud Book of Prayer 4:1262; Tirmidhi, IbnMajah Authenticated by AlbaniSaheeh Abu Dawud 1128]

27. The Description of His (صلي الله عليه وسلم) Physical Chracteristics: [Palm of Prophet Narrated by Anas (r.a.) SaheehBukhari The Book of Book of Virtues and Merits of the Prophet (S) and His Companions 4:761; Saheeh Muslim; Abu Dawud; Tirmidhi;Nasaii; IbnMajah;Musnad Ahmad; Daarmi] • The Description of His (صلي الله عليه وسلم) Nature: [Narrated by Anas Bin Malik (r.a.) SaheehBukhari The Book of Good Manners and Form (Adab) 8:222; Abu Dawud; Tirmidhi; IbnMajah;Musnad Ahmad] • Biography :[Narrated by Hammam (r.a.) SaheehBukhari The Book of Companions of Prophet 5:12] • Before Prophethood :[Washing of Heart Narrated by Anas Bin Malil (r.a.) Saheeh Muslim The Book of Faith (Kitab Al Iman) 311]

28. Question & Answers

29. Legacy of Ahadees By ShaikhArshadBasheerMadani Founder and Director of AskIslamPedia.com

30. 17#Why Hadith is important? Let me begin my talk with a hadees, where prophet warned of time when people will come and reject the hades and say Quran is enough for us. أَلاَ إِنِّي أُوتِيتُ الْكِتَابَ وَمِثْلَهُ مَعَهُ أَلاَ يُوشِكُ رَجُلٌ شَبْعَانُ عَلَى أَرِيكَتِهِ يَقُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ بِهَذَا الْقُرْآنِ It was narrated from al-MiqdaamibnMa’diYakrib (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:  Beware! I have been given the Qur'an and something like it, along with it. But soon there will be a time when a man will be reclining on his couch with a full stomach, and he will say, ‘You should adhere to this Qur’an: what you find that it says is permissible, take it as permissible, and what you find it says is forbidden, take it as forbidden.’ But indeed, whatever the Messenger of Allah forbids is like what Allah forbids.”  Also in abiDawud 4604

31. 18#Why Hadith is important? It is compulsory for us Muslims to obey Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). It is the part of our Eeman to believe and follow Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). His obedience is not restricted to His lifetime, but till Qiyamah. This obedience is possible by following his teachings and his teachings are preserved in Ahadees. I want to offer Salah but How to offer without Ahadees I want to fast but How to offer without Ahadees I want to sacrifice but How to offer without Ahadees I want to do Umrah and hajj but How to do without Ahadees I want to Marry but How to do without Ahadees I want to do Trade but How to know its method without Ahadees I want to know about the implementation of Halal and Haram, How can I know without Ahadees There are various issues of life how can I solve it without Ahadees. Therefore the teachings of Prophet Muhammad are to known and followed accordingly.

32. 19#Hadith and Quran : equal in source of legislation There are 2 sources of Islam which are revealed by Allaah on Prophet ﷺ. Proofs Qur’an 53:3, 4 – Nor does he speak from [his own] inclination. It is only a Revelation revealed. (Muhammad (s) apne se kuchnahikehte jab takkeunparwahikijaye). Qur’an 46:9 – Say, "I am not a new thing among the Messengers (of Allâh, i.e. I am not the first Messenger) nor do I know what will be done with me or with you. I only follow that which is revealed to me, and I am but a plain warner." (Muhammad(s) kehrahehaikijoWahikijatihaiunparwowahikartehai) Qur’an 16: 44 – With clear signs and Books (We sent the Messengers). And We have also sent down to you (O Muhammad [sal-Allâhu 'alayhiwasallam]) the Dhikr [reminder and the advice (i.e. the Qur'ân)], that you may explain clearly to men what is sent down to them, and that they may give thought. (Tumuskobayankarojo logo kejanibnazilhua.. Allah kehrehehaike Qur’an koKholkholkarbatlao.. so prophet is explaining the ayaths of Qur’an.. ie, by hadith He is explaining for us.

33. 20#Muhammed (صلي الله عليه وسلم) was sent to people with both Quran and Hadith Allah uses the word as Al- kitab = Qur’an and Hikmah = sunnah Quran 2:129 – Famous Dua of Ibraheem AS, for future…. WayuallaimuhumulKitabawalHikmah… Qur’an 2:231 And treat not the Ayath (Laws) of Allâh as a jest, but remember Allâh'sFavours on you (i.e. Islâm), and that which He has sent down to you of the Book (i.e. the Qur'ân) and Al-Hikmah (the Prophet's Sunnah – legal ways – Islâmic jurisprudence) whereby He instructs you. -Without Hadith, we won’t understand anything.  One more proof is in 62: 2 هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولًا مِّنْهُمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِهِ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ It is He who has sent among the unlettered a Messenger from themselves reciting to them His verses and purifying them and teaching them the Book and wisdom 

34. 21#Hadees is protected by Allaah Proof 1 Qur’an 75:16 - 19: Move not your tongue concerning (the Qur'ân, O Muhammad [sal-Allâhu 'alayhiwasallam]) to make haste therewith. It is for Us to collect it and to give you (O Muhammad [sal-Allâhu 'alayhiwasallam]) the ability to recite it (the Qur'ân). And when We have recited it to you [O Muhammad [sal-Allâhu 'alayhiwasallam] through Jibrâîl (Gabriel)], then follow its (the Qur'ân's) recitation. Then it is for Us (Allâah) to make it clear (to you).

35. Explanation In Quran 75: 16-19, Allah is telling Muhammad(s) about 3 things in these ayah ie, The first phase was gathering of Qur’an. The second phase was recitation ie, reading and remembering. The third phase was its explanation and clarification of its meaning. The Arabic word used by Allah in ayath 19 is AlaynaBayanahu, which means Allah is taking responsibility of explanation of the Qur’an.

36. Proof2: Qur’an 16: 44 – With clear signs and Books (We sent the Messengers). And We have also sent down to you (O Muhammad [sal-Allâhu 'alayhiwasallam]) the Dhikr [reminder and the advice (i.e. the Qur'ân)], that you may explain clearly to men what is sent down to them, and that they may give thought. Where is that Expalantion? That explanation is Ahadees and Allah took the responsibility of both quran and Ahadees. As mentioned in Surah 15:9 –

37. Proof 3 إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ Indeed, it is We who sent down the Zikr and indeed, We will be its guardian… zikr here means both Quran and its Expalnationie, Ahadees

38. 22#why do u say that Hadith Is not contradicting with Quran? Quran is an abstract and Hadith is its explanation, how matn won’t be against Quran Matan will not be against Quran but it will be an explanation of Quran or its context wil be in Ahadees.

39. Lets know an Example: • Example1:Qur’an 2:144 - Verily, We have seen the turning of your (Muhammad's ) face towards the heaven. Surely, We shall turn you to a Qiblah (prayer direction) that shall please you, so turn your face in the direction of Al-Masjid Al-Harâm (at Makkah). • Question:If you ask any Muslim, What was the First Qibla. They will immediately answer you that QiblahAwwal was Masjid e Aqsa. So Which Ayath of the Qur’an says that QiblahAwwal was Masjid e Aqsa? • Answer:It is not from Ayath but we got information about Qiblahawwal from the knowledge of Hadith as mentioned in Sahi al Bhukari Volume 6, hadith 13 and 9: 358.

40. Example 2: Qur’an 66:1- O Prophet! Why do you forbid (for yourself) that which Allaâh has allowed to you, seeking to please your wives? And Allâh is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. • It mean that there is some context of this ayath, and it is given in a hadith of Sahi al Bhukarivol 7:192, vol 8:682 - that prophet ban drinking honey on himself then Allah reveals this ayath.

41. 23#Components of Hadees A Hadeeth consists of two main parts: (a)the Sanad and (b) the Matn The Sanad:Sanad or Isnad, is the chain of narrators that leads to the text of the Hadeeth. The Sanad consists of all those who narrated the text, starting with the last narrator (who records the Hadeeth in his book) and ending with the Prophet. Following is the Sanad of the Hadeeth mentioned before... Al-Bukhari > Musaddad > Yahyaa > Shu’bah > Qataadah > Anas > Prophet Muhammed (sallallahualaihewa-sallam) The Matn: The text of the Hadeeth or what the Prophet actually said or did is called the Matn. In the Hadeeth mentioned before, the Matn is “None of you truly believes until...”

42. -24#Sahaba’s treating Hadith Sahi Al bhukari vol1: hadith119 and 120-(chapter – Memorizing knowledge) Narrated by Abu hurairah: I said to Allah's Apostle "I hear many narrations (Hadiths) from you but I forget them." Allah's Apostle said, "Spread your Rida' (garment)." I did accordingly and then he moved his hands as if filling them with something (and emptied them in my Rida') and then said, "Take and wrap this sheet over your body." I did it and after that I never forgot anything. But I (Abu Huraira) used to stick to Allah's Apostle contented with what will fill my stomach and I used to attend that which they used not to attend and I used to memorize that which they used not to memorize. Volume 1, Book 3, Number 118:

43. SahiBhukari Volume 1, hadith Number 113: Narrated Abu Huraira (r): There is none among the companions of the Prophet who has narrated more Hadiths than I except 'Abdallah bin Amr (bin Al-'As) who used to write them and I never did the same.

44. SahiBhukari Volume 3, Number 613: Narrated Abu Huraira: A Yemenite, stood up and said, "O Allah's Apostle! Get it written for me." Allah's Apostle said, "Write it for Abu Shah." (The sub-narrator asked Al-Auza'i): What did he mean by saying, "Get it written, O Allah's Apostle?" He replied, "The speech which he had heard from Allah's Apostle."

45. Volume 1, Book 3, Number 113: Narrated Abu Huraira: There is none among the companions of the Prophet who has narrated more Hadiths than I except 'Abdallah bin Amr (bin Al-'As) who used to write them and I never did the same.

46. 25#Who among sahaba wrote Ahadees Abu Hurairah (5374 hadiths): Nine of his students were recorded to have written hadiths from him.Ibn `Umar (2630 hadiths): Eight of his students wrote down hadiths from him.AnasibnMalik (2286): Sixteen of his students had hadiths in written form from him.`A’ishahbint Abu Bakr (2210): Three of her students had hadiths she had narrated in written form.Ibn ‘Abbas (1660): Nine of his students recorded his hadiths in books.Jabir ibn ‘Abdullah (1540): Fourteen of his students wrote down hadiths narrated by him. Etc

47. 26#How the science of Hadith is fool-proof. An example of a small Hadith describing its sanad(how each transmitter has a biography and qualities of a transmitter), different sanads for the same hadith Example of ahadees with many Isnad: Incident of Meraj. Danger of abandoning hadith as a proof of sharia. Root cause of deviation.  Volume 9, Book 92, Number 384: Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "All my followers will enter Paradise except those who refuse." They said, "O Allah's Apostle! Who will refuse?" He said, "Whoever obeys me will enter Paradise, and whoever disobeys me is the one who refuses (to enter it)."

48. 27#The efforts taken by Muhaddis in collecting and verifying Hadess Examples from ImanBukhari’s life)  Sahih Al Bukhari established his reputation as one of the greatest compilers of Ahadith in Islam.  Al-Bukhari was a man with a very strong memory: It seemed as if his body, from head to toe, stored information. Imam Bukhari laid down the strictest conditions for acceptance of hadith for his Sahih: The narrator must be of a very high grade of personal character, of a very high grade of literary and academic standard. Good memory and precision on the part of narrators with regard to what they are narrating.  Continuous isnaad from beginning to end, meaning that each narrator heard the hadeeth from the one before him.  Accurate memory narrator should not contradict more memory narrator. (Admu- MuqalfatusFiqatilimanhuwaAusaqMinhu) Should not have Hidden defects which have been identified by higher level scholars of Hadith. (AdmulIllati)

49. 28 #Hadees ,khabar ,Asar ,Hadeequdsi • الحديث - الخبر - الأثر - الحديث القدسي: • الحديث: ما أضيف إلى النبي صلّى الله عليه وسلّم من قول، أو فعل، أو تقرير، أو وصف. • الأثر: ما أضيف إلى الصحابي أو التابعي، وقد يراد به ما أضيف إلى النبي صلّى الله عليه وسلّم مقيداً فيقال: وفي الأثر عن النبي صلّى الله عليه وسلّم. • الحديث القدسي: ما رواه النبي صلّى الله عليه وسلّم عن ربه - تعالى -، ويسمى أيضاً (الحديث الرباني) و(الحديث الإلهي) • مثاله : قوله صلّى الله عليه وسلّم فيما يرويه عن ربه - تعالى - أنه قال: "أنا عند ظن عبدي بي، وأنا معه حين يذكرني، فإن ذكرني في نفسه ذكرته في نفسي، وإن ذكرني في ملأ ذكرته في ملأ خير منهم"[1] • [1] رواه البخاري (7405) كتاب التوحيد، 15- باب قول الله تعالى : (ويحذركم الله نفسه) (آل عمران: 28). ومسلم (2675) كتاب الذكر والدعاء والتوبة والاستغفار، 1- باب الحث على ذكر الله تعالى.

50. End of Legacy of Ahadees By ShaikhArshadBasheerMadani