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White Space Networking

White Space Networking. Microsoft Research. http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/knows/. US White Spaces. Unused VHF & UHF Television Frequencies In the US, primarily the upper UHF "700-megahertz" band, covering television frequencies between 698 to 806 MHz (TV channels 52 to 69)

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White Space Networking

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  1. White Space Networking Microsoft Research http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/knows/

  2. US White Spaces Unused VHF & UHF Television Frequencies In the US, primarily the upper UHF "700-megahertz" band, covering television frequencies between 698 to 806 MHz (TV channels 52 to 69) The White Spaces Coalition • 8 large IT companies that want to enable high speed broadband internet access in the 'white space' • Microsoft, Google, Dell, HP, Intel, Philips, Eathlink, and Samsung

  3. FCC Nov. 4, 2008 Ruling The rules allow for both fixed & personal/portable unlicensed devices. • Devices must include geolocationand spectrum-sensing technology. The geolocation data base will tell the white space device what spectrum may be used at that location. • The rules require that devices also include the ability to listen to the airwaves to sense wireless microphones. • The Commission will permit certification of devices that do not include the geolocation and database access capabilities, and instead rely solely on spectrum sensing subject to a much more rigorous “proof of performance” approval process.

  4. Details…

  5. The Big Picture • Strategy & Policy • Enagage with FCC to help them nail down sensible specifications • World-wide evangalism with regulatory bodies (e.g. OFCOM, SARFT, TRAI) • Enagage with silicon vendors & systems integrators • Research • Identify technical issues & solve the hard problems • Build prototypes as proof of solution - learn from those & refine technology • Help the startegy & policy teams with data for FCC & WRC forums • Help BGs with scenario planning, standardization, & technology assets • Business • Develop application scenarios and possible revenue models • Forge strategic & complimentary alliances • Product • Ramp up by gathering requirements & nailing down specifications • Work to establish a standard that reduduces cost of WSDs • Harden research code, develop & test software for Windows

  6. MSR's KNOWS Research ProgramNetworking Challenges MobiHoc 2007 How should they discover one another? How should nodes connect? • Which spectrum-band should two • cognitive radios use for transmission? • Center Frequency, Channel Width, Duration…? Which mathematical tools should we use to reason about capacity & spectrum utilization? How should the networked nodes react upon arrival of a primary user? Which protocols should they use?

  7. MSR's KNOWS ProgramPrototype Development Version 1: Ad hoc networking in white spaces • 700 MHz operation, TV sensing capability, one-to-one opportunistic networking, control-channel based MAC, varying channel width operation, multi-radio design, design analysis through simulations Version 2: Infrastructure based networking (WhiteFi) • White Space freq. operation TV sensing Capability, limited microphone sensing, one-to-many opportunistic networking, Wi-Fi MAC, time-domain analysis (SIFT), demo-ed at internal events (e.g. TechFest 2009) Version 3: Campus-wide backbone network (WhiteFi with Geolocation) • All of V2 + geolocation DB, Windows network stack improvements, bridging between Wi-Fi and WhiteFi, coverage in MS Shuttles

  8. SIGCOMM 2007, DySPAN 2007 Version 1: Major Innovations • Dynamic Channel Width • Varying channel width can reduce energy consumption, increase range & improve spectrum utilization • Time Spectrum Block • Communicate by allocating TSBs defined as {Fc, dF} & {Tb, dT}. A distributed (fair) algorithm for determining TSBs is possible • Control Channel based Medium Access Control • Wi-Fi MAC modified to accommodate opportunistic networking Signal Strength Signal Strength Frequency Frequency

  9. Best Paper SIGCOMM 09 Version 2: Major Innovations Raw (I, Q) PC WS Radio • Eliminated Control Channel & reused Wi-Fi • Spectrum Assignment Algorithm • Enables AP to pick a channel that is free for all clients AND pick the best possbile channel width • Discovery Mechanism • Enable clients to quickly discover an AP over all <channel, width> pairs • Fast Recovery after Disconnection • Re-connects quickly on a new available channel upon sensing a primary user on existing channel SDR TV/MIC Detection FFT UHF Rx Daughterboard Altera FPGA Temporal Analysis (SIFT) Net Stack (fc, df) (fc, df) Serial Control Interface Connection Manager UHF Translator Wi-Fi Substrate Device Driver (Atheros) UHF Transmissions

  10. Version 3: Campus Wide White Space Networking (WhiteFi w. Geolocation) FCC Experimental License (Granted: July 6, 2009) • Centered at (47.6442N, 122.1330W) • Area of 1 square mile • Perimeter of 4.37 miles • WSD on 5-10 campus buildings • Fixed BS operate at 2 W EIRP • WSD inside shuttles at 63 mW 6-2 6-1 1-1 5-3 4-2 4-1 1-2 5-2 5-1 3-2 3-1

  11. First White Space Network in the World Oct. 16, 2009 White Space Network Setup Shuttle Deployment WS Antenna on Bldg 42 WS Antenna on MS Shuttle Data packets over UHF Microphone testing in Anechoic Chamber Subcarrier Suppression demo

  12. Channel Occupancy Database Click here for a live demo

  13. WhiteFi and Broadcast TV WhiteFi Antenna TV Antennas KOMO (Ch. 38) KIRO (Ch. 39) WhiteFi (Ch. 40) Microsoft Campus Redmond (Bldg 41) WhiteFi transmitting at 40 mW WhiteFi (Ch. 40)

  14. Best Paper NSDI 2009 Future Hardware: SDR on Multicore with 700 MHz front-end Multi-core Processors • Parallelization to accelerate PHY layer processing • Exploit GPP architecture for BB processing • Reduced heating Application Transport Network Multi-core Software Radio Stack SDR Management Link-layer Processing MAC Processing Baseband Processing Flexible RF Hardware LPA/Sampling Convertor/DAC/ADC Latency critical radio control (AGC/PD) PCIe Bus Antenna Ongoing work in MSR Asia

  15. Policy & Research Influence • Panel on "Broadband Spectrum: A Looming Crisis?" FCC's National Broadband Plan -- Field Hearing on Mobile Broadband, San Diego, CA, Oct. 8, 2009  • Panel on "Innovating in Spectrum Access—Technological Advances and Other Approaches to Facilitate More Productive Spectrum Use"FCC’s National Broadband Plan -- Spectrum Workshop, Washington D.C. Sept. 17, 2009 • Panel on “Research Recommendation for Broadband Task Force,” Federal Communications Commission's National Broadband Workshop, Washington, DC (Nov. 23, 2009) • Panel on Reactions and Perspectives, National Science Foundation Workshop on Future Wireless Communication Networks, Arlington, VA (Nov. 2-3, 2009)

  16. Public Demos & Policy Influence RadiocommunicationSector Federal Communications Commission India China Brazil Standards Fisher CommunicationsInc. Industry Partners Policy

  17. On-going Collaborations White space mesh networks for rural communities Harmonization between heterogeneous white space networks Chanel occupancy database design & related issues Security & privacy in white space networks Smart antennas, interference mitigate & internationalization The SORA Program Steering Committee MSR Event Special Issue Editor

  18. In the News

  19. Press – Sample Quotes The project, dubbed “White Fi,” is one of the most advanced in the field, both dealing with the hardware side but also creating the networking protocols to handle the specific challenges. Softpedia (Aug. 19, 2009) Microsoft researchers have taken a step closer to finally turning unused analogue TV spectrum, known as "white spaces", into unlicensed spectrum that can be used to deliver new wireless broadband service CNET.COM (Aug. 19, 2009) The Microsoft Research team has addressed many of these issues with WhiteFi. —that early promise of "WiFi on steroids" might turn out to be surprisingly accurate, after all. Nate Anderson, Arstechnica, August 27, 2009 The actual engineering requirements to accomplish this frequency switch are non-trivial. Microsoft Research’s ”KNOWS” project has taken up the task and made some pretty remarkable advances. Scott Merrill, Crunchgear, August 28, 2009 One of the best prospects for the future is the opening up of “white spaces,” unused parts of the spectrum. One of the most advanced research projects….. Lucian Parfeni, Web News, August 18, 2009 Microsoft researchers have taken the next step toward turning old UHF analog TV spectrum into rural wireless broadband networks that would operate like Wi-Fi but with greater range. Simon Juran, GigaOm, August 18, 2009-09-02

  20. Thankshttp://research.microsoft.com/nrg/ Q/A © 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

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