Vocabulary #3

1. Vocabulary #3 Review Biology 1 MYP

2. Photosynthesis • Is the overall process by which sunlight (solar energy) chemically converts water and carbon dioxide into chemical energy stored in simple sugars

3. Light-Dependent Reactions • When solar energy is absorbed by chloroplasts and used to split water molecules which results in the release of oxygen as a waste product

4. Light-Independent Reactions • When energy stored in ATP and NADPH is used to produce simple sugars (such as glucose) from carbon dioxide.

5. Cellular Respiration • A process used to convert the chemical energy in nutrients to chemical energy stored in ATP.

6. ATP • An energy storing molecule

7. Glycolysis • A series of reactions using enzymes in which a glucose molecule is broken down into pyruvic acid molecules and two ATP molecules in the absence of oxygen.

8. Aerobic Respiration • A process in which oxygen is required.

9. Anaerobic Respiration • A process in which oxygen is not required.

10. Krebs Cycle • The first step of aerobic respiration in which the pyruvic acid formed in glycolysis travels to the mitochondria where it is chemically transformed in a series of steps, releasing carbon dioxide, water, and energy (which is used to form 2 ATP molecules).

11. Electron Transport Chain • A series of chemical reactions ending with hydrogen combining with oxygen to form water (carbon dioxide is released as a waste product).

12. Fermentation • A common anaerobic process which makes lactic acid or alcohol.

13. Phosphate Group • The three parts of ATP are nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, and __________________.

14. ATP-ADP Cycle • Losing or gaining a phosphate group to release or store energy is called

15. Organic Molecules • Proteins, Carbohydrates, and lipids are

16. Caloric Value • The number of calories per gram is called

17. Proteins • Organic molecules that are used to repair tissues and cells.

18. Carbohydrates • Organic molecules that are used as the main source of energy.

19. Lipids • Organic molecules that are used to store energy to use when needed.

20. Amino Acids • Used to make proteins.

21. Monosaccharides • Used to make carbohydrates.

22. Glycerol and Fatty Acids • Used to make Lipids.

23. Food Chain • The simplest path that energy takes through an ecosystem.

24. Trophic Level • Each level in the transfer of energy through an ecosystem

25. Autotrophs • The first trophic level of primary producers that make their own food.

26. Heterotrophs • Primary consumers that eat green plants.

27. Food Web • Many interconnected food chains describing the various paths that energy takes through an ecosystem.

28. Herbivore • Primary consumers that eat green plants

29. Detritivore • Decomposes organic material and returns the nutrients to soil, water, and air making the nutrients available to other organisms

30. Omnivore • Consumers that eat both producers and primary consumers

31. Carnivore • Consumers that eat primary consumers

32. Energy Pyramid • Represents the energy available for each trophic level in an ecosystem.

33. Number Pyramid • Represents the number of individual organisms available for energy at each trophic level in an ecosystem.

34. Ecological Pyramids • Models that show how energy flows through ecosystems.

35. Biomass Pyramid • Represents the total mass of living organic matter at each trophic level in an ecosystem.