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The Opiates, Smack, H and Tylenol III…….

The Opiates, Smack, H and Tylenol III……. Psychology 3506. Introduction. Anything like Opium (Morphine) Opiates are natural Opioids are all Narcotic Analgesics Sleep, no pain Narcotic has a legal meaning, so this is rarely used any more. Introduction.

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The Opiates, Smack, H and Tylenol III…….

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  1. The Opiates, Smack, H and Tylenol III……. Psychology 3506

  2. Introduction • Anything like Opium (Morphine) • Opiates are natural • Opioids are all • Narcotic Analgesics • Sleep, no pain • Narcotic has a legal meaning, so this is rarely used any more

  3. Introduction • So, there are natural and man made ones • Sap from poppy seeds • Morphine • Codeine Heroin diacetylmorphine 10 times as lipid soluble ‘semisynthetic’

  4. Introduction • Synthetics • Methadone • LAHM • Levorphanol • phenozocine • Longer lasting • Usually taken orally

  5. A Little History • The Sumerians called it the joy plant • Used extensively in classical ‘medicine’ • In 1644 the Chinese Emperor banned tobacco • So everyone started smoking opium! • By the early 1800s the Brits loved it • They still do……

  6. A Little History • 1875 UK consumption was 10 PUNDS / 1000 people! • Morphine caught on • Temperance movement • Only physicians and pharmacists could sell it • In the US consumption was higher (13 lb) • Civil War

  7. Administration and Distribution • Parenterally injected, best route to the brain • Oral administration is slow • First pass metabolism • Easy to keep relatively constant levels • Great for analgesia

  8. Administration and Distribution • Crosses Blood brain and placental barriers • Some metabolites are also psychoactive • Heroin is faster • Monoacetylmorphine

  9. How’s it work? • Even before the receptor was found it was pretty clear there was one • Molecular configuration related to effect • Must be endorphins too • Receptor sites discovered, six month later, enkephalins and endorphins discovered • Beta lipotropin in pituitary

  10. How’s it Work? • Endorphins are found in vessicles • One of the key indications that you have a neurotransmitter on your hands • They interfere with NE Ach and DA • Modulatory properties

  11. Opiate Receptors • Three or four types • Mu • Throughout limbic system • HP and amygdila • Thalamus and locus coeruleus • Responsible for most interesting effects • Weak attraction = great effect

  12. Opiate Receptors • Delta Receptor • Limbic system too, but do not overlap with mu • Cortex • Hypothalamus • Nucleus accumbens • Medulla • Many antipsychotic drugs work on delta receptors

  13. Opiate Receptors • Kappa Receptor • Nucleus accumens • VTA • Hypothalamus • Thalamus Sigma Receptor • Not just opioids • Psychotic symptoms

  14. Opiate Receptors • Periaqueductal Grey area is full of opiate receptors • When in pain, these are stimulated • Amygdila • emotion • Respiratory, cough and vomit centres • REWARD SYTEM!!!!!!! • Well, there has to be some good reason to put a needle in your arm……….

  15. Effects • Nausea • Constriction of pupils • Disrupts digestive coordination • Drop in sex hormones • Decrease in REM • Vivid daydreams though • rush

  16. Effects • Psychiatric like symptoms • Increase in SMA in small does • Decrease with large does • Spontaneous social behaviour () • Low Does • FI increase FR decrease • High Does • Both go down

  17. Effects • Monkey, rats, will work for it • Can be discriminated from other opiates • Can be generalized to other opiates

  18. Tolerance and Withdrawal • Tolerance develops quickly • No surprise here • Withdrawal bad, but not as bad as sleeping pills or martinis • 6-30 hr • restless • Hot flashes • Goose bumps • Jerky breathing • Puking et al • Kicking the habit

  19. Self Administration • chipping • Maturing out • Titrated when available • Injected, snorted smoked • Monkeys will mainline morphine!

  20. If its this fun, it can’t be good for you…… • Coma • No surprise here • OD • Cut with bad stuff • Loss of tolerance (shooting gallery effect • Mixing with other respiratory depressants

  21. More Bad Stuff • Constipation • Cancer? • Lifestyle • You get it from criminals • You share needles • You get AIDS (21% of IV drug users in the States also are HIV positive)

  22. Just Say no to Heroin • Reproductive effects • Sex hormones drop • Low birthweight babies • Welcome to Earth, this is your mother, this is your father, the withdrawal symptoms will be over in a couple of days…. • More illnesses after birth

  23. Treatement • Willpower • Synanon • Antagonist Therapy Maintenance • Methadone • British System • LAAM

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