Shaoqing Ying– China – RIF Session 4 – 0806

1. Impact of an increasing Penetration of urban Photovoltaic systems and electric cars on the low voltage networks Shaoqing Ying– China – RIF Session 4 – 0806

2. Background • Photovoltaic: in Cottbus 210 MWp theoretically installable in urban areas • Electric cars: objective: 1 million electric cars in Germany until 2020 Question: Isthe integration of such a mass photovoltaic and elektric cars in the existing networks permissible ??? Shaoqing Ying– China – RIF Session 4 – 0806

3. Capacity of networks • Carrying capacity of cable and transformer: • Cable: NAYY 4x150 (120,185) mm2 widely used • Transformer: 630 kVA (20/0,4kV) • Tolerable Voltage level: • Voltage band of ±10% Un • ΔU <3% Un due to decentralized power infeed Shaoqing Ying– China – RIF Session 4 – 0806

4. Modeling Shaoqing Ying– China – RIF Session 4 – 0806

5. Modeling Figure: Load profile and feed-in PV-profile Shaoqing Ying– China – RIF Session 4 – 0806

6. Simulation • worst case: • simulation with the highest solar • radiation in the year • inductive reactive power • to reduce the voltage rise and increase • the capacity of the network Shaoqing Ying– China – RIF Session 4 – 0806

7. Results Figure: Voltage rise along the cable with different shift factors Shaoqing Ying– China – RIF Session 4 – 0806

8. Results Shaoqing Ying– China – RIF Session 4 – 0806

9. Integration of electric cars • uncontrolled charging: • significant increase of load profile • controlled charging: • high requirement on the control • system on the network side Shaoqing Ying– China – RIF Session 4 – 0806

10. Integration of electric cars • approach: • combination of the solar energy and the load of electric cars • using a battery Shaoqing Ying– China – RIF Session 4 – 0806

11. Thank you very much Shaoqing Ying– China – RIF Session 4 – 0806