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Hot and Cold Injuries

Hot and Cold Injuries. EMT 100. First Degree Burn. Red and painful, especially when touched Rinse with cool, running water Sprays or Aloe Vera Cover with clean dry dressing. Second Degree Burn. Red and blistered Most painful Immerse in water Protect blister! Treat for shock

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Hot and Cold Injuries

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  1. Hot and Cold Injuries EMT 100

  2. First Degree Burn • Red and painful, especially when touched • Rinse with cool, running water • Sprays or Aloe Vera • Cover with clean dry dressing

  3. Second Degree Burn • Red and blistered • Most painful • Immerse in water • Protect blister! • Treat for shock • Cover with clean dry dressing • If blister breaks, may use antibiotic ointment or aloe vera • Medical care

  4. Third Degree Burn • Charred black or white • No sensation! • Shock • ABC’s • Treat for shock • Cover with clean dry dressing • Medical care/EMS

  5. Besides shock, second and third degree may seriously affect the airway!

  6. Electrical Burns • Third degree entrance and exit burn • May cause internal organ damage and ventricular fibrillation • Make sure current is off • ABC’s • Cover burns with clean dry dressing • EMS

  7. Chemical Burns • Liquid chemical • Remove contaminated clothing • Irrigate with running water • Medical care • Dry chemical– don’t rinse first! Brush off all visible chemical then irrigate with running water

  8. Radiation • Alpha • Beta • Gamma

  9. Radiation Treatment • Treat burns & shock • Decontamination

  10. Explosions – heat and blast injuries • Burns • Fractures • Avulsions (partial or complete) • Lacerations • Internal injury/bleeding • Shock • Ruptured eardrums

  11. Environmental Heat Problems • Normal body temperature range: 97.1 to 99.7 • Besides environmental heat, activity generates heat • Body cooling mechanism: perspiration

  12. Heat Cramps • Due to fluid and electrolyte loss • Temperature normal • Rest • Electrolyte drink

  13. Heat Exhaustion • Fluid and electrolyte loss causing hypovolemic shock • Signs of shock! • Get out of heat • ABC’s • Treat for shock • Cooling measures • Electrolyte drink (if airway secure) • Medical care/EMS)

  14. Heat Stroke (Hyperthermia) • Elderly, young, or chronic illness • High temp and high humidity • Hot dry skin • High body temp (105 or >) • Rapid bounding pulse • Change in LOC • Seizures

  15. Heat Stroke Treatment • ABC’s • EMS • Rapid cooling measures

  16. Frostbite – localized freezing of body fluids • Prevention is best • Get out of cold • Remove constricting clothing or jewelry • Protect blisters • Immersion in hot water (102-105F) • NEVER RUB FROSTBITTEN AREA! • Medical care

  17. Frostbite – reperfusion and necrosis

  18. Hypothermia

  19. Hypothermia Treatment • Get out of cold • Handle very gently • Get out of wet clothes • Insulate • Rewarm –do not immerse or use radiant heat • CPR when starts to warm

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