Microsoft Windows Operating Systems

1. Microsoft WindowsOperating Systems

2. Windows 9x Architecture

3. Windows 9x Architecture (continued)

4. Windows 9x Architecture (continued)

5. Virtual Machines • Set of resources made available to an application through predefined application programming interface calls (APIs) • Multiple logical machines within one physical machine

6. Virtual Machines (continued)

7. Windows NT/2000/XP Architecture

8. Windows NT/2000/XP Modes

9. User Mode • Processor mode in which programs: • Have only limited access to system information • Can access hardware only through other OS services • Used by several subsystems • Windows tools run primarily in user mode • Applications relate by way of the Win32 subsystem

10. Programs Interacting with Subsystems

11. Kernel Mode • Processor mode in which programs have extensive access to system information and hardware • Used by two main components • HAL (hardware abstraction layer) • Executive services

12. Preparing for Windows 9x Installation

13. Preparing for Windows 2000 Installation • Verify minimum requirements • At least 650 MB free space on hard drive • At least 64 MB of RAM • 133-MHz Pentium-compatible CPU or higher • Select file system (NTFS, FAT16, or FAT32) • Use the Microsoft Web site to verify components for Windows 2000: computer, peripheral hardware devices, and software

14. Installing Windows 2000 on Networked Computers • Consider where Windows 2000 installation files are stored • Convenience of putting them in the \i386 directory on a file server (distribution server) • Options for installation • Unattended installation • Drive imaging (disk cloning) • Know how to configure to access the network

15. Windows NT/2000/XP Logon • Default administrator account • Has the most privileges and rights • Can create user accounts and assign them rights

16. Networking Features • Workgroups • Domains • Native mode and mixed mode(Windows 2000) • Active Directory (Windows 2000)

17. Workgroups • Logical groups of computers and users that share resources • Each computer maintains a list of users and their rights on that particular PC • Use peer-to-peer networking model

18. A Windows Workgroup

19. Domains • Groups of networked computers that share a centralized directory database of user account information and security • Use client/server model • Have a domain controller which stores and controls the SAM database (user, group, and computer accounts)

20. A Windows Domain

21. Installing Hardware with Windows 9x • Use Found New Hardware Wizard or run installation setup program that is bundled with device driver • View and change current device drivers from Control Panel (Settings tab of Display Properties window) • Plug and Play and hardware installations • Use Device Manager to uninstall

22. Plug and Play Hardware Installation Criteria • System BIOS must be PnP • All hardware devices and expansion cards must be PnP-compliant • OS must support PnP (eg, Windows 9x) • A 32-bit device driver (VxD) must be available

23. Preparing for Software Installation • Windows 9x can use both 16-bit and 32-bit software • Check available resources • Protect original software • Back up the registry and system configuration files

24. Installing Software • Use Add/Remove Programs icon from Control Panel • After installation is complete and software is working, update backup copies of: • Autoexec.bat • Config.sys • System.ini • Win.ini • Registry

25. Initialization Files

26. Windows 9x Startup Process

27. Windows 9x Startup Process (continued)

28. A Choice of File Systems

29. A Choice of File Systems (continued) • FAT uses three components to manage data on a logical drive • FAT • Directories • Data files • NTFS uses a database called the master file table (MFT) as its core component

30. Advantages of NTFS over FAT • Recoverable • Supports encryption and disk quotas (Windows 2000/XP only) • Supports compression, mirroring drives, and large volume drives • Provides added security when booting from floppy disks • Uses smaller cluster sizes

31. Advantages of FAT over NTFS • Less overhead; best for hard drives < 500 MB • Backward-compatibility with Windows 9x and DOS OSs • Allows booting from a DOS or Windows 9x startup disk to access the drive

32. The Windows NT/2000/XP Boot Process

33. The Windows NT/2000/XP Boot Process (continued)

34. Files Needed to BootWindows NT/2000/XP

35. Windows NT/ 2000/XP Customizing the Boot Process • Use boot.ini file, which has two main sections • [boot loader] • [operating system]

36. Changing Boot.ini Settings

37. Changing Boot.ini Settings (continued)

38. How Windows NT/2000/XP Manages Hard Drives

39. Disk Management Tool • Found in Computer Management console • Used to create partitions on basic disks or volumes on dynamic disks and to convert a basic disk to a dynamic disk • Graphical, user-friendly • Replaces Fdisk in older Windows OS’s

40. Using Disk Management

41. Windows 9x Troubleshooting Tools

42. Windows 9x Troubleshooting Tools (continued)

43. Windows 9x Troubleshooting Tools (continued)

44. Windows 9x Troubleshooting Tools (continued)

45. Windows 9x Troubleshooting Tools (continued)

46. System Configuration Utility (mswnconfig.exe) • Reduces startup process to its essentials • Used for troubleshooting to add items back one at a time until the problem occurs • Accessed through Programs – Accessories – System Tools – System Information

47. Dr. Watson • Useful when there are problems running an application • Records detailed information in a log file about: • The system • Errors that occur • Programs that caused the errors

48. Microsoft Management Console • Console • Combination of several administrative tools into a single window (eg, Computer Management, Recovery Console) • Snap-ins • Individual tools within the console (eg, Event Viewer, System Information)

49. Snap-ins for MMC

50. Snap-ins for MMC (continued)