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Deformation of Asphalt Mixtures Field Studies

Deformation of Asphalt Mixtures Field Studies. by Manfred N. Partl Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, EMPA Center Road Engineering/Sealing Components Dübendorf, www.empa.ch/Abt113. NABin Seminar on Deformations of Asphalt Mixtures 26th October 2004, Oslo, Norway.

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Deformation of Asphalt Mixtures Field Studies

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  1. Deformation of Asphalt MixturesField Studies by Manfred N. Partl Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, EMPA Center Road Engineering/Sealing Components Dübendorf, www.empa.ch/Abt113 NABin Seminar on Deformations of Asphalt Mixtures 26th October 2004, Oslo, Norway

  2. Content • Introduction • Swiss LTTP Study • Field Monitoring • A1 • Footprint • APT- MMLS • RILEM • TC 182 PEB-TG4 • TC-APT

  3. Deformation Distress Types

  4. LTPP Cross Section of Pavement with extensive Rutting

  5. 4 Investigated Sections 7 F Basel G/H C B D F G E H A 3 E 0 16 A/B Zürich C/D WC 1 14 50 2 BDC 4 Luzern 1 5 Bern UBC 100 12 8 6 150 2 LBC 1 200 250 mm 2 3.9m 1 LTPP: Sections A...H H. Fritz, M. Seeberger, M.N. Partl

  6. E WC: B C D F A G H 1 <Pen> <R&B> "Soft"  Cold Warm Temp. : <lnG*> =0 <BP>   <m> Normalized Properties <S> "Stiff", : =1   LTPP: Normalized Properties WC M.N. Partl, H.W. Fritz, ISAP, Seattle, (1997) <X>=1 (stiff); <x>=0 (soft)

  7. 80 A D WC BDC D B 60 G 40 G A B E E H C H 20 F 0 80 UBC LBC B A 60 Pen. @ 25°C, STS (.1mm) D A B G G 40 C C E F H E H F 20 0 80 0 40 60 20 80 0 40 60 20 Pen. @ 25°C, LTS(.1mm) LTPP: STS-LTS Penetration M.N. Partl, H.W. Fritz, ISAP, Seattle, (1997) LTS:Long Term Storage Slabs (17yrs @ Room Temp) STS: Short Term Storage (After Sampling of Slabs)

  8. 100 WC BDC 80 F C H H E E B 60 A G G B D A D 40 20 0 100 UBC LBC 80 R&B Softening Pt., STS (°C) F F H C H E E C 60 G G B A A D B 40 20 0 100 100 0 0 20 40 60 80 20 40 60 80 R&B Softening Pt., LTS (°C) LTPP: STS-LTS R&B Softening M.N. Partl, H.W. Fritz, ISAP, Seattle, (1997) LTS:Long Term Storage Slabs (17yrs @ Room Temp) STS: Short Term Storage (After Sampling of Slabs)

  9. IR: Traffic (Heat Effect) Tank SRT Pendulum Resin Surface Stones Unter motor +4°C, under wheels +2°C than surface Rubber pads heated up to 65°C Pavement reached 50°C (ca 40°C before passing)

  10. A1 Monitoring Station WIM:Weigh in Motion DDM:Differential Deflection Meas. MRDS: Magnetostrictive Deform Sensor Temp: Temperature DDM#1 Temp DDM#2 MRDS WIM DDM#3 Temp TA,TB 4cm SMA 11 3A TA,B2 1A T2 HMT 22 8cm TA,B5 2B 10cm TA,B8 HMT 32 3C T17 TA,B17 10cm HMF 22 1D 2D T27 TA,B27 Base 58cm 2E 3E 1E

  11. [mm] 0 40 -120 -220 -320 Magnet 1 Magnet 2 Magnet 3 Magnet 4 1 EMPA Magnetostrictive Deform. Sensor (MRDS) : P. Anderegg, R. Brönnimann

  12. Comparison DDM - MRDS (5-axle Truck)

  13. 1 Motorway A1: Lenzhard Taking Slabs Trench

  14. Summer 1999 2 2 5 5 8 8 Depth, cm Depth, cm 17 17 27 27 32 32 05.07.99-11.07.99 12.07.99-18.07.99 18July max 41.7C @2cm July max was 4July (47.2C) 07.12.99-11.12.99 6Dez. min -2C @2cm Dez. min was 17Dez (-4.7C) A1 Temp Distribution

  15. Temperature [°C] -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 0 -5 -10 Depth [cm] . -15 SMA -20 PA -25 WC-Limit -30 Measurements PA/SMA

  16. 1 Lenzhard: Deformation Signal

  17. 22.Jan.1999,Temp., 2cm DDM Measurements A.M. Partl 9.Jul.1999,2B, 12cm Deform. 22.Jan.1999,2B,12cm Deform. 9.Jul.1999,WIM Day Time

  18. Eureka Logchain Footprint E!2486 • Relate the environmental footprint of a vehicle to the cost of maintaining the infrastructure • Develop and use the same methodology for road and rail in order to facilitate intermodality • Vehicle load, • Noise, • Vibration, • Gaseous emissions

  19. Direction Bern Slow Lane Induction loop Induction loop Empa DAQ Footprint Monitoring Site, Road Aargau , Switzerland Lineas WIM Modulas, SIM Deformation Vibration Microphone Humidity Temperature

  20. 9km/h, 6bar, max 497N The Kistler Modulas System(E. Doupal, R. Calderara Kistler Instruments)

  21. Circular Track #2, #3 Sections #12, #13 Maintenance U2000 R.Gubler et al. 2004 Rutting on Test Sections & Circular Track

  22. Circular Track ETHZ@EMPA Max 80km/h Load 80kN (=Half Axle) Lat. Wandering ±675mm

  23. Circular Test Track A2 Motorway #2 #3 #12 #13 40mm 30mm AC11S, B50/70 AC11S, B50/70 MR8, B50/70 MR8, B50/70 70mm HMT22, B70/100 HMT22, B50/70 HMT22, B50/70 HMT22, B70/100 80mm Gasperini Gasp. & Sp. Filler Gasperini Gasperini & Special Filler 70mm uncertain Existing old HMT Existing old HMT Gravel-Sand 100% crushed Gravel-Sand 100% crushed Gravel-Sand 100% crushed Gravel-Sand 100% crushed Materials, Design U2000 HMT22, B70/100 Zeofil MCS

  24. Inner Cylinder Cyclic Load Outer Cylinder LVDT 65mm Glue 50mm Support Mixture Tests LCPC-WT CAST Data do=150mm di=50mm T=5…40°C f=0.01..10Hz h<100mm

  25. 2400mm 300mm 940mm 1200mm MMLS3- Principle Tire Pressure Distribution

  26. MMLS on A2 (Basel) & Circular Track @ EMPA A2 Circ. Track

  27. #13 #12 #2 #3 MMLS3 Pavement Temp. A2 Motor- way Temp. Range in 3cm Depth: #12 (20…42°C), #13 ( 18..43°C), #2 (13.6…45°C), #3 (15.2…39°C) Circular Test Track

  28. #12 #13 #2 #3 Results MMLS #12, #13 Motorway A3 #2, #3 Circular Test Track Passes

  29. 3 3 72'000 Passes 72'000 Passes 2 2 1 1 #12, Depth [mm] #2, Depth [mm] 0 0 -3 -1 1 3 -3 -1 1 3 -1 -1 y = 0.8754x y = 0.8128x 2 2 R = 0.9609 R = 0.9118 -2 -2 -3 -3 #13, Depth [mm] #3, Depth [mm] MMLS Rutting Circular Track /Section #12, #13 Section; #2, #3 Circular Track • Sections generally more deformation than circular track • #12,#2 less rutting than #13,#3 mixture in both cases

  30. 10.0 1.0 Rut Depth [%] #2 #3 0.1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Number of Passes LCPC Rut Test of Compacted Mix

  31. Comparison Field & Lab Testing Ratios of „Soft“ : „Stiff“ Mix

  32. International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures Members & Experts of TC 182-PEBPerformance Testing and Evaluation of Bituminous Materials Chairman: M.N. Partl,EMPA,Switzerland;Secretary:C. De La Roche, LCPC,France D. A. ANDERSON, (USA); G. AIREY, (United Kingdom); H. U. BAHIA, (USA); L. BAKLØKK , (Norway); W. BANKOWSKI, (Poland); J. M. BARREIRA DE SOUSA, (Portugal); P. BERNALDO DE QUIRÓS MIRABENT, (Spain); R. J. H. BREUKER, (The Netherlands); J. BETHUNE, (Australia); Y. BROSSEAUD, (France); M. BUTCHER, (Australia); W. G. BUTTLAR, (USA); A. CALAHORA, (Israel); F. CANESTRARI, (Italy); C. CELAURO, (Italy); A. CHABOT, (France); J. CHEN, (Taiwan); E. CHAILLEUX, (France); A. COLLOP, (United Kingdom); C. DE LA ROCHE, (France); H. Di BENEDETTO, (France);B. ECKMANN, (Belgium); A. FIDATO, (Italy); L. FRANCKEN, (Belgium); R. GUBLER, (Switzerland); R. HOFMAN, (The Netherlands); P. HOPMAN, (The Netherlands); H. E. HÖPPEL, (Germany); M. HUGENER, (Switzerland); U. ISACSSON, (Sweden); H. KHALID, (United Kingdom); I. ISHAI, (Israel); E. KUPPENS, (The Netherlands); B. KOENDERS, (France); D. LÉONARD, (Belgium); X. LU, (Sweden); M. LUMINARI, (Italy); A. PAEZ,(Spain);J. PAIS, (Portugal); M. N. PARTL, (Switzerland); A. PFEILER, (Austria); H. PIBER, (Austria); J.-P. PLANCHE, (France); J. E. POIRIER, (France); L. POROT, (France); A. C. PRONK, (The Netherlands); C. RAAB, (Switzerland); G. ROWE, (USA); E. SAUGER, (France); S. SAID, (Sweden); M. SMILJANIC, (Serbia); H. SOENEN, (Sweden); L. SUN, (China); G. SVECHINSKY, (Israel); D. SYBILSKI, (Poland); S. TOTH, (Hungary); M. VAN DE VEN, (The Netherlands); B. VERHAEGE, (South Africa); A. VANELSTRAETE, (Belgium); M. W. WITCZAK,(USA); L. ZANZOTTO, (Canada) 62 members & experts from 22 countries (since 1999)

  33. International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures TC 182-PEB Activites Task Groups • TG 1Bituminous Binders (D. Sybilski) • TG 2Mix Design (not active) • TG 3Testing of Mixtures (H. Di Benedetto) • TG 4PPPE Pavement Performance Prediction Eval.(H. Piber)

  34. TG4 PPPE Pave. Perform. Predict. Eval.:H. Piber (AT) • Inter-lab PPPE study to compare performance testing & predictions by different labs with LTPP field observations for 10yrs. • CCRIPPPE (Cold Climate RILEM Inter-laboratory PPPE) section in Austria (Villach) • WWRIPPPE (Warm Weather RILEM Inter-laboratory PPPE) sect. in Portugal (Mindelo) 13 Labs: Bautechnik Klagenfurt (AT), BRRC (BE), EMPA (CH), Tech. Univ Bruno (CZ), Asphalt Labor Wahlstedt, (DE), BAM (DE), Danish Road Inst. (DK), CEDEX (ES), Univ.Parma (IT), Consulpav (PT), VTI (SE), Univ. California Berkeley (US), CSIR (ZA) Reference: • Paper at ISAP 2002, and RILEM sympos. PTEBM03 and AAPA 2004 on: Interlaboratory Tests on Performance Prediction of Pavements. • Report available on CD soon

  35. TG4 Goal • 1)Compare differentprediction methods • 2)Comparetest methodsfor predictions • 3)Comparepredictions • 4)Check w.LTPP in cold & warm regionafter 1,2,4,9 yrs

  36. TG4 Distress Classification Table 1) Rutting in surface course and deformation of each asphalt course, (max. depth and change of thickness) 2) Loss of material and/or ravelling

  37. TG4 Sections: Construction Data WWRIPPPE Mindelo CCRIPPPE Villach SC: 40mm PA (1997) B2: 110mm AC „Caltrans“ (1996) B1: 110mm AC „Arizona“ (1996) 200mm unbound material (1996) 300mm unbound material (1996) cutting (1996) SC: 35mm SMA 11 (1997) B4+B3: 160mm BT I 22 HS (1997) B2+B1: 130mm BTS I 22 (1988) 200mm unbound material (1988) 300mm unbound material (1988) embankment (1987)

  38. F,f F,f F,v d,h,s d,h,dp d,h F f, l F,f h d,h L,B TG4 7 Rutting Test Methods

  39. Rutting: Layers & Number of Tests

  40. 4th Method Calculated Rutting CCRIPPPE Villach 16 1 S-CO-CY 2 C-WT-PL 14 5 C-CO-PR 8 C-WT-PL 12 9 C-WT-PL 14 C-IT-CY 10 Rut Depth [mm] 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 Time [Year] WWRIPPPE Mindelo 16 1 S-CO-CY 2 C-WT-PL 14 5 C-CO-PR 8 C-WT-PL 12 9 C-WT-PL 10 Rut Depth [mm] 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 Time [Year]

  41. Herald Piber, Report TG 4, Paris, 2004 TG4 Summary Distress Classification 13 Labs: Bautechnik Klagenfurt (AT), BRRC (BE), EMPA (CH), Tech. Univ Bruno (CZ), Asphalt Labor Wahlstedt, (DE), BAM (DE), Danish Road Inst. (DK), CEDEX (ES), Univ.Parma (IT), Consulpav (PT), VTI (SE), Univ. California Berkeley (US), CSIR (ZA) Portugal (Mindelo) Austria (Villach) Reference: Papers at ISAP 2002, and RILEM sympos. PTEBM03 and AAPA 2004 on: Interlaboratory Tests on Performance Prediction of Pavements.

  42. International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures New RILEM TC ATB Advanced Testing and Characterization of Bituminous Materials • TG 1 Binders(D. Sybilski)Evaluate binder properties with respect to durability relevant to distress accumulation performance and application; nanotechnology of binders; aging as a material property • TG 2 Compaction(M. Van de Ven)Evaluation of lab. compaction methods and models with respect to field compaction • TG 3 Mechanical testing of mixtures(H. Di Benedetto)Evaluate existing test methods (like simple performance tests) and models for different types of mixtures (like porous asphalt) considering subjects such as permanent deformation, micromechanics and size effects • TG 4 Pavement performance prediction evaluation(H. Piber)Evaluate test methods to assess structural behavior (influence of layer thickness and interlayer bond), investigation of PPPE sections • TG 5 Recycling(C. De La Roche)Evaluate test and mix design methods for the use of materials with bituminous materials from the road (STAR), focusing on hot mix recycling (RAP: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement).

  43. International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures Topics RILEM ATB-TG3 • Permanent deformation - rutting of bituminous mixes • Bibliography : PhDs , List of ref. • Lab and models • binder – mix • RRT on wheel tracking tests: • In situ results : NO except if LCPC has an idea • Other more Fundamental Considerations (mixes & binders) • Triaxial tests: tension, compression,…) • Modelling (link with TC CAP) • Same mix like for RRT WT • Link binders – mixes

  44. Thank You

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