MODULE 9

1. MODULE 9 BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT ON SHIPS Views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and should not be construed as necessarily reflecting the views of IMO or its Secretariat.

2. Module 2: Objectives • Outline the international requirements for BWM on ships • Discuss the precautionary approach in relation to BWM • Describe the scope of a Ship’s BWM Plan • Implementation of the BWM requirements

3. Module Structure • International requirements for BWM on ships • Guiding principles and BWM • BWM Options • Ship’s BWM Plan • Voyage Planning • Sediment Management • Duties & Training of Ship’s Crew

4. Guiding Principles • The Precautionary approach • Promotes cost effective and timely measures for preventing environmental degradation • The User Pays principle • Which seeks to involve the user of processes that cause HAOP introduction, in bearing responsibility for costs and preventive measures • Prevention • The most cost effective and environmentally desirable option for HAOP management

5. Precautionary practices in BWM • Non Discharge of Ballast Water into harbours • No Ballast Onboard • Retention of Ballast Water • Discharge of Ballast Water to Shore Facilities • Ballast Water Management onboard • During Uptake – restricting uptake in unsuitable areas or at unsuitable times • During Carriage – exchange in mid ocean by sequential /flow through /dilution • Onboard Treatment – mechanical / chemical / physical • Control during Discharge • Avoidance of discharge in sensitive areas • Avoidance of prolonged stripping or eduction

6. Ballast water operations Uptake of ballast water (& organisms) Ship in transit Ballast water (& organisms) discharged Ballast water management can be applied to all 3 aspects Views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and should not be construed as necessarily reflecting the views of IMO or its Secretariat.

7. Avoid Uptake • Shallow water • Dredging areas • Known infected areas • Sewage outfalls • Seafood production areas • Poor tidal flushing • Phytoplankton blooms • Night

8. BWM Exchange • Regulation B-4 Ballast Water Exchange • BWE should be undertaken: • 200 nm and 200 m depth, or if not possible • 50 nm and 200 m depth, or if not possible • in areas designated by the Port State, however • neither deviation nor delay of the ship • BWE should only be undertaken when safety of the ship is guaranteed

9. Ballast Exchange

10. Ballast Exchange

11. Ballast Exchange

12. Options for Ballast Water Management A B C D

13. Ballast Water Treatment • Treatment methods include: • Mechanical Treatment • Mainly by filtration or cyclonic separation • 2.Chemical Treatment • Addition of ‘active’ or other substances that will • render HAOP harmless • 3. Physical Treatment • Includes thermal, ultraviolet magnetic and ultrasound devices

14. BW Exchange vs BW Treatment • BW Exchange • Biological effectiveness unsatisfactory • Serious safety considerations • BW Treatment • Chemical treatment has potential environmental impacts after discharge • Conclusion: a combination of treatments is the most promising solution

15. Questions / Comments?

16. Ballast Water Exchange – Reg. B-4 • Methods of Ballast Water Exchange • The Sequential method Discharge and refilling of tanks • The Flow Through method Simultaneous filling and outflow of ballast water • The Dilution method Pumping in of water from the top of a tank and releasing water from the bottom simultaneously

17. Safety during ballast water exchange • Hazards during ballast exchanges : • Loss of stability • Over Stress • Sloshing loads • Torsional loads • Reduction in maneuverability • Reduction in draughts • Icing • Occupational hazards & fatigue of crew • Excessive forces on securing arrangements of • containers or special cargo

18. Ship’s Ballast Water Management Plan • Required by Reg. B-1 of the Convention • Purpose: “.. to facilitate the safe and effective implementation of the BWM system on the ship concerned by ensuring that the necessary processes and equipment usage are done in a structured, logical, effective and safe manner.” • Must be approved by flag State.

19. Contents of BWM Plan • Procedures for Ballast Water Handling • Safety Aspects • Sediment management • Responsibility for compliance • Reporting and records • Sampling • Training of Crew

20. What some ships are using

21. BWE Procedure (Basic)

22. Voyage Planning • Communication in advance of port’s requirements • Routing for optimal BWE/avoidance of sensitive areas • Bad weather avoidance • Planning uptake/discharge requirements • Planning for contingencies • Identification of alternative measures

23. Management of Sediments • Source of sediments • Sediments as a habitat for HAOP • Sediments as a commercial loss to the ship • Designing structure to minimize sediments • Sediment discharge during deballasting • Disposal of sediments at sea – problems and dangers • Disposal of sediments in port

24. Duties of Ship’s Crew • Regulation B-6 : owners/ operators responsible for ensuring crew are familiar with their duties, including: • Implementation of BWM Plan • Operation & maintenance of equipment • Contingency arrangements • Record-keeping • Communication of Information • Consequences of not completing tasks correctly • Giving Assistance to Port Officials