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I. Definition of Dissociation:

I. Definition of Dissociation:. Dissociation refers to the compartmentalization of an experience. Elements of the trauma are not integrated into a unitary whole or an integrated sense of self. II. Primary Dissociation. Examples include intrusive memories, nightmares, flashbacks

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I. Definition of Dissociation:

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  1. I. Definition of Dissociation: • Dissociation refers to the compartmentalization of an experience. Elements of the trauma are not integrated into a unitary whole or an integrated sense of self.

  2. II. Primary Dissociation • Examples include intrusive memories, nightmares, flashbacks • Memory Fragments

  3. III. Secondary Dissociation • Observing the traumatic event “as a spectator” • Also called “peritraumatic dissociation”

  4. IV. Tertiary Dissociation • Development of distinct identities that contain the traumatic experience

  5. V. Dissociation & Vulnerability to Developing PTSD

  6. VI. Vulnerability Factors for Dissociation • a) Prior use of Dissociation as a Coping Strategy  • b) Repeated and Chronic types of traumatic events • c) Traumatic events experienced repeatedly in childhood

  7. VII. Vulnerability Factors for Dissociation (continued) • d) High levels of physiological arousal during the traumatic event; e.g. intense pain, panic attacks. • e) Greater subjective perceived threat during the trauma

  8. VIII. Complex PTSD . Vulnerability Factors for Developing more complex reactions to a traumatic experience Ø Traumatic experiences occurring early in life Ø Repeated traumatic experiences Ø Traumatic experiences perpetrated by a care giver

  9. Complex PTSD (continued) • Typical Abuse experiencing leading to complex PTSD Ø Incest experiences Ø  Chronic and severe experiences of physical abuse

  10. IX. Core Mechanisms Disruption in self-concept • Self concept is defined as an individual’s understanding of his/her attributes

  11. IX. Core Mechanisms (continued) Disruption in identity • Identity refers to an individual’s phenomenological representation of self. • Essentially answers the question, Who am I?

  12. IX. Core Mechanisms (continued) Taken together self-development includes and intrapersonal component and an interpersonal component Ø These components are the very things which make up personality

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