Modern Latin American History

1. Modern Latin American History Carlos Enrique Alemán carlos.e.aleman@gmail.com

2. Latin American-U.S. Relations Books Shoultz, Lars. Beneath the United States: A History of U.S. Policy toward Latin America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998. Holden, Robert H. and Eric Zolov, eds. Latin America and the United States: A Documentary History. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

3. Latin America and U.S. Relations • Latin America and U.S. Empire • Cold War • Immigration/Latinos in the U.S.

4. Latin America and U.S. Empire • Manifest Destiny • Mexican-American War • William Walker • Central American Canal • Spanish-American War • U.S. Occupations (Cuba, Puerto Rico, Nicaragua)

5. Background • Latin American independence • Manifest Destiny

6. Mexican-American War • U.S. immigrants encouraged by Spain and later newly independent republic of Mexico to settle northern lands (Texas) • Settler requirements • Republic of Texas (1836) • Texas annexed to United States (1845) • Mexican-American War (1846) • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)

7. William Walker (1855-1860) • Mercenary William Walker invited to settle political war between two majot parties in Nicaragua • Takes advantage of unrest and declares himself president of Nicaragua • Declares English official language and legalizes slavery in Nicaragua

8. Central American Canal • Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850) • Both the United States and the United Kingdom renounce the right to build a canal under the exclusive control of either nation. • Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901) • Hay-Herrán Treaty (1903) • Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)

9. Spanish-American War: “A Splendid Little War” • Cuban Struggle for Independence • Sinking of U.S.S. Maine (1898) • Teller Amendment (1898) • Treaty of Paris (1898)

10. U.S. Occupation (Cuba and Puerto Rico) • The Platt Amendment (1901) • The Jones Act (1917)

11. Nicaraguan Occupation • Political unrest in Nicaragua • US sends in Marines • Bryan-Chamorro Treaty • Sandino • Somoza

12. Good Neighbor Policy • FDR • Non-Intervention

13. The Cold War • Guatemala 1954 • Cuba 1959 • Chile 1972 • Nicaragua 1979

14. Guatemala 1954 • Ten Years of Spring • Juan Jose Arevalo • Jacobo Arbenz • Operation PBSuccess

15. Cuba 1959 • 26th of July Movement • Cuban Revolution overthrows Fulgencio Bautista • Bay of Pigs Invasion • Missile Crisis

16. Chile 1972 • Salvador Allende • Augusto Pinochet

17. Nicaragua 1979 • Somoza Dynasty • FSLN • 1979 Revolution • Contra War

18. Latino Immigration • Mexican Repatriation (1930s) • Bracero Program (1942-1964) • Operation Wetback (1954)

19. Latino Immigration • Immigration Act (1965) • Cuban Adjustment Act (1966) • IRCA (1986) • Cuban Migration Agreement “Wet Foot/Dry Foot Policy” (1995) • NACARA (1996)

20. Latino Immigration • California Proposition 187 (1994) • Arizona SB 1070 (2010) • Georgia HB 87 (2011)