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Using knowledge of Earth and Changes to: Locate and characterize geologic resources Quantify material properties used fo

Engineering Geology. Using knowledge of Earth and Changes to: Locate and characterize geologic resources Quantify material properties used for engineering Investigating processes that transform Earth materials and our environment posing risks. Dr. Jamie Martin-Hayden University of Toledo

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Using knowledge of Earth and Changes to: Locate and characterize geologic resources Quantify material properties used fo

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  1. Engineering Geology • Using knowledge of Earth and Changes to: • Locate and characterize geologic resources • Quantify material properties used for engineering • Investigating processes that transform Earth materials and our environment posing risks Dr. Jamie Martin-Hayden University of Toledo Department of Earth, Ecological and Environmental Sciences

  2. Contaminated Water Well Vapor Underground Storage Tank Leaking Gasoline Water Table Floating Gasoline Dissolved Gasoline Groundwater Flow Aquifer of sedimentary rock Introduction Dr. Jamie Martin-Hayden www.EEEScience.UToledo.edu/Faculty/Hayden/Default.htm • Hydrogeologist studying groundwater resources and contamination (Environmental Geology) • Special interest in the geology and hydrogeology of the Oak Openings Region

  3. Why Study Geology?Because geology is all around us. • 1. Geological Resources • 2. “The Environment” • 3. Geological Hazards (Changes posing risks) • 4. Engineering • 5. Landforms and Surface Processes • 6. Historical Geology Environmental Geology Geology forms the basis of our great civilizations

  4. The Cradle of CivilizationSprung from geology of the region Tigris River, Iraq http://encarta.msn.com/

  5. Why Study Geology? 1. Geological Resources • The Cradle of Civilization (Fertile Crescent) • Development limited by availability, e.g., soil, water, energy • Conflicts based on resources, e.g., water, minerals, oil… http://encarta.msn.com/

  6. Misuse of Resources 2. The Environment These Maps illustrate the Fertile Crescent in 1973 (top) and 2000 (bottom). Permanent marshlands, pictured in green, have shrunk 90 percent in that period. Illustration courtesy United Nations Environment Program

  7. Misuse of Geologic ResourcesDesiccation of the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan 2. The Environment http://www.grida.no/aral/aralsea/english/arsea/arsea.htm

  8. Overuse of Geologic Resources 2. The Environment (Geology in the News) • 1.7 billion are joining the consumer class and the environment won’t sustain this standard of living (Worldwatch Institute 2004) • Emissions of Greenhouse gasses is accelerating global warming • Climate change is accelerating melting of glaciers and driving mass extinctions (The Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation, Leeds University, UK)

  9. Geology in the News http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003 San Andreas Fault • Two die in 6.5 magnitude Earthquake near San Lois Obispo California • Earthquake triggers mudslides 3. Geologic Hazards

  10. Assessing Risk “Major Quake Likely to Strike San Francisco Bay Region Between 2003 and 2032” 3. Geologic Hazards • Assessing Risks • Avoiding Risks • Preventing Damage • Predicting Impact http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/seismology/wg02/

  11. EarthquakeBam, Iran Photos from AP • A Magnitude 6.5 Earthquake hits a stone- and mud-house city of 100,000 in Iran 12-26-03 • 30,000 Dead • 30,000 Refugees • US sends aid and releases sanctions • Relations improved

  12. 3. Geological Hazards Volcanoes Landslides Earthquakes

  13. 4. Geology in Engineering Slope Failure Risk Assessment and Control To prevent slope failure engineers must understand the geology that forms and controls the slope

  14. Geology in Engineering Committee member John Burland, an engineer, promoted soil extraction as the best way to save the tower. Engineers use knowledge of geology to design, protect and correct structures www.smithsonianmag.si.edu

  15. 5. Landforms and Surface Processes H.C. Berann (1915-1999) Yosemite National Park, 1987 • Glaciers • Mass Wasting • Streams • Shorelines • Deserts • Groundwater http://www.berann.com

  16. Sub DisciplinesAreas of Study Which Rely on Geology • Environmental Geology • Environmental Sciences: how we influence the earth • Geologic Hazards: how geology influences us • Engineering Geology • Geologic Materials • Foundations • Geotechnical engineering

  17. Sub Disciplines(cont.) • Geological Resources • Locating and characterizing amounts and quality • Extracting and • Understanding environmental effects of extraction and use (misuse, overuse) of resources • Historical Geology • Deciphering Earth History and • Evolution of life

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