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Small Farm Mechanization : Appropriate Technologies and Innovations B.Sanjeeva Reddy

Small Farm Mechanization : Appropriate Technologies and Innovations B.Sanjeeva Reddy bsreddy@crida.in ICAR– CRIDA, Hyderabad Hyderabad – 500 059. India - 102.8 million farm holders; 59%(< 1 ha), 21%(1-2ha) The proportion of small holders are more in rainfed system.

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Small Farm Mechanization : Appropriate Technologies and Innovations B.Sanjeeva Reddy

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  1. Small Farm Mechanization : Appropriate Technologies and Innovations B.Sanjeeva Reddy bsreddy@crida.in ICAR– CRIDA, Hyderabad Hyderabad – 500 059

  2. India - 102.8 million farm holders; 59%(< 1 ha), 21%(1-2ha) • The proportion of small holders are more in rainfed system. • Timeliness & drudgery reduction are crucial • Energy expense α productivity ?, Relates with soil moisture. • Power availability increased 0.3 to 1.85 Kw/ha(1970 – • 2012) -Tractor and other machines contribution gone up – • 10 to 85%. • However, major portion of power is used by large farmers • (> 4ha). Small farmers 13,000 & 14,000MJ/ha against 16,500 • & 15,800 MJ/ha of Large farmers in cotton and maize • respectively.

  3. Agril. lobour energy cost with traditional tools : Rs.16 –21/MJ • Animate energy : Rs. 6 – 8 /MJ • Tractor and matching machines : Rs. 3 – 4 /MJ • Dryland cropping system is very complex – Numerous crops, • different spacing's and inseparable animal component. • Incidence, depth and severity of resources poorness is higher • But, opportunity exists to excel – If able to take a chance: Ex- • gram and redgram • The CHCs / Packaged machines / High cost machines - • On subsidy benefitted mostly large farmers. • --- with fewer machines Ex.Grain Combine, Large MC Thresher

  4. Sales trends of Power Tillers + Mini Tractors and Small • self-propelled machines @ 70,000 per annum each point • out small holders urge for mechanization. • However, availability of matching and durable machinery • is a major constraint – Appropriate technology and New • innovation play a catalytic role to meet larger population.

  5. Seeder : use as bed former, ridger seeder - with paired rows, inter cropping etc., Conservation furrow: Traditional Machine planted : Paired rows redgram with furrow + cow pea inter croped Conserved rain water in furrows

  6. Intercropping : Crop insurance for dryland production system Complementary for resources utilization Bajra + Red gram: 2:1 Sorghum + Red gram : 2:1 Maize + cluster bean: 1:1 • SEEDER setting prescription • S P S S P S - TSE • S P S - MTSE • S S R CP CP R S S -TSE • S S R CP - MTSE Strip cropping : Capture late rains & biomass Sorghum + Red gram + Cow pea : 4:2:2

  7. Crop residue / biomass : Bane or Boon Biochar kiln

  8. Maize and Sorghum Biomass Shredder : Effective crop residue utilization, Value enhancement Subabool

  9. Dhaincha Rotary shredder:In-situ biomass utilization–mulching, soil conservation

  10. Small farmers : Present system requirement • Option 1. Draft pair with matching equipment – Maintenance ? • Additional source : 1.5 hp – PP equipment • 5hp+ Thresher • 3hp winnower fan • 5hp pump – protected irrigation • Small farmers engage family labour for most of the operations • Option 2.Mini tractor - about 18hp to meet majority of • requirement – Able to serve 4 to 5 small and • medium farmers to mechanize various operations. • Initial investment : Option 1&2 works out more or less same • Flexibility & Comport is more in later option.

  11. ICAR – CRIDA & Other Institutes activities Inclined, Cup and Roller cell mechanism seeders. Excess seed rate in badly prepared , shallow depth and stony soils. • Independent double disc furrow opener, horizontal rotor plate planter - up to 6 row • Comparable performance with • Pneumatic planter, ease in operation • Suitable for high cost seed crops : cotton • okra,sweet &baby corn; dryland system • Undulated fields – Precise depth control

  12. Weed competes with crops for resources • Proper maintenance with appropriate • equipment • Herbicide use is avoidable • Introduction of side shift hitching system • found more useful in horticulture crops. Planter cum Herbicide sprayer Mini Tractor matching Sprayer and Grass & shrubs slasher

  13. Mini Tractor matching Pump set and Winnower fan Many of small capacity machines can be matched to mini tractor

  14. New Innovations • Reaper binder : Successful for wheat and rice crops. • Modifications – Sorghum and • maize stalk harvesting as fodder • Majorconstrains • Quality improvement in machines manufacturing • R& D institutes and Industry linkages for small machines up-scaling • Strong extension net work to propagate farm mechanization in • general and at Small landholders in particular

  15. Thank you

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