Globalism and the Ethic of Place

1. The watershed is the first and last nation, whose boundaries, though subtly shifting, are unarguable. Races of birds, subspecies of trees, and types of hats or rain gear go by the watershed. The watershed gives us a home, and a place to go upstream, downstream, or across in. Gary Snyder, Coming into the Watershed. Globalism and the Ethic of Place

2. We can know the needs of any particular place only by participating in its specificity – by becoming more familiar with the natural community. Freeman House, Totem Salmon (2000).

3. The Importance of protecting Cultural and Ecological Values of Specific Places and Locales

4. The Loss of the Small Family Farm and Healthy Soils An agrarian economy requires a healthy urban-rural interface. This means that small-scalefarms (around 1-1000 acres or so) are part of a healthy region’s community.

5. Culture Meets Nature

6. Think Globally, but Act Locally • “Our planet is so diverse, from all points of view, that its problems can be tackled effectively only by dealing with them at the regional level, in their unique physical, climatic and cultural contexts.” • -Rene Dubos, Celebrations of Life 1981

8. US Leadership in CO2 Emissions

9. How Others See US: Views of the US Role in Environmental ProtectionPercent Positive and Net Negative (Positive - Negative)

10. George W. Bush Public Approval on Management of the Environment

11. The Growth Machine & Creation of the Suburb Perhaps more than any other city, Los Angeles is a creation of the imagination.

12. How Eden Lost its Garden A recent survey by the Pew Center found that suburban sprawl ties with crime as a top local concern for most Americans. It’s not hard to figure out why: Americans are fed up with losing parks to pavement, breathing polluted air and spending an average of 55 workdays in traffic every year.

13. Defining Place: The Relationship between Nature, Agriculture and the Urban Landscape Agriculture Where does your water come from? Name 5 native plants to your region Where does your waste go? Where does your food come from? Globalism Urbanism PLACE Nature

14. Our urban areas are expanding at about twice the rate that the population is growing.

15. Lewis Mumford • The Natural History of the City Example: Early Rome Rice, Wheat, Corn Cities The separation of the city from nature and agriculture land

16. Overuse of Resources of Particular Places The artificial separation of the land from global economic consumption and production

17. -Trends in the Urban Growth Machine-Growth is a liability financially and in quality of life for the majority of local residents. • In in many areas, at many historical moments, growth benefits only a small proportion of local residents. • Growth almost always brings with it the obvious problems of increased air and water pollution, traffic congestion, and overtaxing of natural amenities. • Growth and increased density inevitably bring about social pathologies (see Fischer, Baldassare, and Ofshe 1974) -- growth makes such pathologies more difficult to deal with. • Growth often costs existing residents more money. Evidently, at various population levels, points of diminishing returns are crossed such that additional increments lead to net revenue losses. A study of Santa Barbara, California, demonstrated that additional population growth would require higher property taxes, as well as higher utility costs (Appelbaum et al. 1974). • Growth is a liability financially and in quality of life for the majority of local residents. Under such circumstances, local growth is a transfer of quality of life and wealth from the local general public to a certain segment of the local elite. To raise the question of wisdom of growth in regard to any specific locality is hence potentially to threaten such a wealth transfer and the interests of those who profit by it.

18. P&G Thinking Like a Watershed Watersheds Counties of CA

19. Ecosystem-based planning: • Precursors Idea of preserving “biotic communities”; • core reserve and buffer zones (1930s) • “biosphere reserves” (1970s) • Regional scale approaches, often focusing on river basins (1970s)

20. Ecosystems management: Around 1993 • Ecosystems define relevant boundaries • Ecological integrity and sustainability as management goals • Systematic monitoring and data gathering • Interagency cooperation • Humans as embedded in, not separate from, nature • Stakeholder participation; • collaborative planning

21. “Ecosystems Management” Titles, UCSB, Web of Science The Closing Window of Opportunity

22. Coastal Watershed Protection

23. New Urbanism - definition A perspective, method, and goal for managing the growth of a community. It focuses on the long-term implications of growth and how it may affect the community, instead of viewing growth as an end in itself. The community can vary in size; it may be as small as a city block or a neighborhood, or as large as a city, a metropolitan area, or even a region. New Urbanism promotes cooperation between often diverse groups to arrive at sustainable long-term strategies for managing growth. It is designed to create livable cities, promote sustainable economic development, and protect open spaces, ecosystems, & the rural lands (e.g., the small family farmer).

24. Integrative Approach

25. Watersheds with More than Two Activist Groups per 10000 population

26. Number of Groups Per Watershed