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Rocky Kolb Fermilab, Univ. of Chicago, & CERN 16 July 2002

The matter of the universe. Rocky Kolb Fermilab, Univ. of Chicago, & CERN 16 July 2002. Inner space / Outer space. The matter of the universe?. Galaxies: Building blocks of the (visible) universe. Missing pieces. Dark Matter. NGC253 in Sculptor. R. v. R. v (km/s). observed. 100.

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Rocky Kolb Fermilab, Univ. of Chicago, & CERN 16 July 2002

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  1. The matter of the universe Rocky Kolb Fermilab, Univ. of Chicago, & CERN 16 July 2002

  2. Inner space / Outer space

  3. The matter of the universe? Galaxies: Building blocks of the (visible) universe

  4. Missing pieces Dark Matter

  5. NGC253 in Sculptor

  6. R v R

  7. v (km/s) observed 100 expected from luminous disk 50 5 10 R (kpc) M33 rotation curve

  8. Rotation curves CO – central regions Optical – disks HI – outer disk & halo Sofue & Rubin

  9. Tony Tyson, Lucent

  10. gravitational microlensing Most of the universe is ! dark • Modified Newtonian dynamics • Planets • Mass disadvantaged stars • brownred white • Black holes

  11. Large Magellanic Cloud 150,000 light years distant 100 million stars

  12. brown dwarf LMC observer

  13. gravitational microlensing Most of the universe is ! dark • Modified Newtonian dynamics • Planets • Mass disadvantaged stars • brownred white • Black holes • The weight of space

  14. Hubble’s Discovery Paper - 1929 s

  15. Riess et al astro-ph/9410054 Hubble’s data

  16. Type Ia supernova are standard candles Type Ia Supernovae Luminosity / Solar Luminosity -20 0 20 40 60 days

  17. Type Ia supernova Hubble diagram apparent magnitude [log(distance)] Perlmutter et al. (1998) redshift z

  18. Cosmo-illogical constant Mass density of space: The unbearable lightness of nothing!

  19. The Vacuum of W+ W- e- quark e+ anti-quark anti particle particle Quantum Uncertainty

  20. Nothing has energy: the Higgs potential • The vacuum has a “Higgs potential” • Interaction with the Higgs field potential gives mass to particles like quarks and electrons. e,W,Z, quarks … photon

  21. ELECTROWEAK 0 100 200 300 0 0 0 1014 1015 1016 GRAND UNIFIED THEORY Billions of Volts HIGGS METER OFF E.W. GUT

  22. gravitational microlensing Most of the universe is ! dark • Modified Newtonian dynamics • Planets • Mass disadvantaged stars • brownred white • Black holes • The weight of space • Fossil remnant of the big bang

  23. Absolute space, in its own nature, without relation to anything external, remains always similar and immovable. Isaac Newton 1686 Principia

  24. Space and time are related. Albert Einstein 1905 Space is dynamical (curved, warped, bent, etc.). Albert Einstein 1915

  25. Space expands. Edwin Hubble 1929

  26. The universe is radiant. Arno Penzias Robert Wilson 1965

  27. Background radiation T = 3K = - 270 C

  28. Every cubic inch of space is a MIRACLE ! - Walt Whitman • background radiation • virtual particles • Higgs vacuum

  29. Sun burns out Hell Freezes Over Swiss adopt euro Universe Ends thousand-billion years 17-billion years billion-billion years hundred-billion years Possible future of the universe Today t 12-billion years

  30. T(O) Birth of atomic era Quasars born Hot as hell Today Sun born Complete history of the universe (abridged) 1015 1012 109 106 103 1 10-3 t day aeon year millen- nium nano- second micro- second second

  31. Modern laws of Genesis (10 nonlinear partial differential equations)

  32. T(O) Neutrons Protons born Nuclei (elements) born Atoms born Quasars born Hot as hell Complete history of the universe (abridged) 1015 1012 109 106 103 1 10-3 Today Sun born t day aeon year millen- nium nano- second micro- second second

  33. CERN Particle Accelerator = Telescope = Time Machine

  34. Pisan Accelerator Laboratory

  35. Primordial soup 3X1015 degrees 3,000,000,000,000,000o 4X10-12 seconds 0.000 000 000 004 seconds

  36. Primordial soup Caution !!! CONDENSED 50 Earth masses in matter 50 Earth masses in antimatter + extra mountain of matter HOT 64 billion years of energy output of sun CONTENTS elementary particles and antiparticles

  37. Primordial soup KNOWN INGREDIENTS: 56%QUARKS 16%GLUONS(STRONG FORCE) 9%ELECTRON-LIKE PARTICLES 9%W’s AND Z’s(WEAK FORCE) 5%NEUTRINOS 2%PHOTONS(ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE) 2%GRAVITONS(GRAVITATIONAL FORCE) 1%HIGGSBOSONS (???) SECRET INGREDIENT: DARK MATTER

  38. USA (Fermilab)? Europe (CERN)? Luciano Maiani Mike Witherell Director Director General Will Higgs be found in or

  39. Prof. Peter Higgs

  40. 300,000 years atoms form 3 minutes nuclei form neutrons protons form 1-micro second 4-pico seconds primordial soup BANG!

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