Camborne School of Mines University of Exeter

1. Camborne School of MinesUniversity of Exeter CSM M103 Mineral Extraction Management and Environmental Impact of Mining

2. Approaches to Environmental Management No statutory requirement for an EMS as such but helps an organisation meet its statutory requirements with regard to pollution, waste management, statutory nuisances etc. (as advised by NetRegs) EMS can be informal (that is, developed internally and not externally verified) or formal (that is, externally verified, such as ISO 14001)

3. Approaches to Environmental Management Whichever approach is adopted, the minimum environmental standard that it enables an organisation to achieve is compliance with legislation In either case, an EMS can be structured as a single system for the whole organisation, on a site-by-site basis or on a departmental or divisional basis Whether formal or informal, environmental management may be integrated with management of Health and Safety, Quality, Finance, Personnel etc into 'Integrated Management Systems'

4. ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems Principal international EMS standard, launched in 1996 and updated in 2004 ISO 14001 based on Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) methodology driven by the environmental policy: Plan: establish the objectives and processes necessary to deliver results in accordance with the organization's environmental policy Do: implement the processes Check: monitor and measure processes against environmental policy, objectives, targets, legal and other requirements, and report the results Act: take actions to continually improve performance of the EMS

5. ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems ISO 14001 video overview The ISO 14000 Family ISO 14001:2004 Environmental Management Systems - Requirements with Guidance for Use Key elements (right, from ISO 14001:2004): Environmental policy Planning Implementation and operation Checking and corrective action Management review Close links with ISO 9000

6. Environmental Policy Requirements An environmental policy must be defined and documented by 'top management', who must also ensure that the policy: is appropriate to the nature, scale and environmental impacts of its activities, products and services, includes a commitment to continual improvement and prevention of pollution, includes a commitment to comply with applicable legal requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes which relate to its environmental aspects, provides the framework for setting and reviewing environmental objectives and targets, is documented, implemented and maintained, is communicated to all persons working for or on behalf of the organization, and is available to the public

7. Environmental Policy - SAIL Environmental Policy for the Dalli Mechanised Mine, India (operated by Steel Authority of India Ltd)

8. Planning – Environmental Aspects The term 'environmental aspect' is defined in ISO 14001 as an “element of the organisation's activities, products or services that can interact with the environment”, where a “significant environmental aspect has or can have a significant environmental impact”. In BS 7750, ‘aspects’ were referred to as ‘effects’ The environmental aspects (or effects) to be recorded (commonly as a ‘Register of Environmental Effects’) should include, where appropriate: emissions to air (e.g. from Imerys clay driers, right) releases to water releases to land use of raw materials and natural resources use of energy energy emitted, e.g. heat, radiation, vibration waste and by-products, and physical attributes, e.g. size, shape, colour, appearance These procedures should include effects associated with: normal operating conditions shut-down and start-up conditions reasonably foreseeable emergency situations

9. Planning - Legal and other requirements The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) a) to identify and have access to the applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes related to its environmental aspects, and b) to determine how these requirements apply to its environmental aspects The organization shall ensure that these applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes are taken into account in establishing, implementing and maintaining its environmental management system Commonly takes the form of a 'Register of Legislative, Regulatory and Policy Requirements' Guidance on environmental legislation is provided by

10. Planning – Objectives, Targets and Programmes The organisation shall establish, implement and maintain documented environmental objectives and targets in order to meet legislative, regulatory and other requirements to which it subscribes These objectives (e.g. observing conditions of discharge consent from outfall, top right) and targets (e.g. pH limits specified in consent, bottom right) must be consistent with the environmental policy of the organisation Objectives should be specific and targets should be measurable wherever practicable An environmental management programme must be set up to ensure that the environmental objectives and targets are achieved This programme should include (1) designation of responsibility for achieving objectives and targets at relevant functions and levels in the organisation and (2) provision of the means and time-frame to achieve those targets

11. Implementation and Operation (1) Structure and responsibility Roles, responsibility and authorities are defined, documented and communicated and resources (human resources and skills, technology, and financial resources) provided to ensure implementation and control of the EMS. The organization's 'top management' appoint specific management representative(s) with defined roles, responsibilities and authority for: ensuring that the EMS is established, implemented and maintained in accordance with ISO 14001; and reporting on the performance of the EMS to 'top management' for review and as a basis for improvement.

12. Implementation and Operation (2) Training, awareness and competence The organization identifies training needs and ensures that personnel whose work might create a significant impact on the environment have received sufficient training. Procedures must be established to ensure that all personnel are aware of: the importance of compliance with the organisation's environmental policy and the EMS; the potential significant environmental effects of their activities and the environmental benefits of improved personal performance; their role & responsibilities in ensuring conformance with environmental policy & the EMS; the potential consequences of departure from specified operating procedures.

13. Implementation and Operation (3) Communication Procedures must be established to ensure that the organisation responds to all internal and external communications relating to its environmental performance.

14. Implementation and Operation (4) Environmental management system documentation The organization must establish and maintain information to (a) describe the core elements of the management system and their interaction and (b) provide direction to related documentation, which may include: process information; organizational charts; internal standards and operational procedures; and site emergency plans. Document control This relates to the establishment and maintenance of documentation "sufficient to implement the environmental management system".

15. Implementation and Operation (5) Operational control The organization must identify those operations and activities which are associated with the significant environmental impacts of its operations and, in line with its environmental policy, objectives and targets, ensure that these parts of the operation are carried out under specified conditions by: establishing and maintaining documented procedures (such as work instructions) to cover situations where their absence could lead to deviations from the environmental policy, objectives and targets; stipulating operating criteria in the procedures; establishing and maintaining procedures related to the significant environmental impacts "of goods and services used by the organization and communicating relevant procedures and requirements to suppliers and contractors"

16. Implementation and Operation (6) Emergency preparedness and response This requires the organization to establish and maintain procedures to identify potential for and respond to accidents and emergencies and for preventing and mitigating the environmental impacts that may be associated with them. these procedures should be reviewed and revised where necessary, especially after accidents or emergencies. The procedures should also be tested periodically where practicable.

17. Checking and Corrective Action (1) Monitoring and measurement This should include: recording of information to track performance; relevant operational controls; and conformance with environmental objectives and targets. Monitoring equipment must be calibrated and maintained and records of this must be kept. A documented procedure must also be established and maintained for evaluating periodically compliance with relevant environmental legislation and regulations. Environmental monitoring entails measurement of selected environmental parameters in accordance with the identified environmental impacts and associated objectives and targets.

18. Checking and Corrective Action (2) Nonconformance and corrective and preventive action procedures must be established and maintained for handling and investigating noncomformance with the requirements of the EMS and for mitigating any impacts caused by the nonconformance procedures must also be put in place to initiate and complete any corrective and/or preventive action that might be required.

19. Checking and Corrective Action (3) Records Records kept must demonstrate conformance to the requirements of the standard Environmental records may include: information on relevant environmental legislation or other requirements complaint records training records process and product information inspection, maintenance and calibration records pertinent contractor and supplier information incident reports information on emergency preparedness and response information on significant environmental aspects audit results management reviews

20. Checking and Corrective Action (4) Internal audit (formerly ‘Environmental management system audit’) The organization shall ensure that internal audits of the environmental management system are conducted at planned intervals to a) determine whether the environmental management system 1) conforms to planned arrangements for environmental management including the requirements of this International Standard, and 2) has been properly implemented and is maintained, and b) provide information on the results of audits to management Audit programme(s) shall be planned, established, implemented and maintained by the organization, taking into consideration the environmental importance of the operation(s) concerned and the results of previous audits Audit procedure(s) shall be established, implemented and maintained that address the responsibilities and requirements for planning and conducting audits, reporting results and retaining associated records, the determination of audit criteria, scope, frequency and methods Selection of auditors and conduct of audits shall ensure objectivity and the impartiality of the audit process

21. Management Review the EMS must be reviewed from time to time to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness; this includes consideration of the need for possible changes to policy, objectives or other elements of the EMS reviews should include and take account of: results of internal audits and evaluations of compliance with legal requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes, communication(s) from external interested parties, including complaints, the environmental performance of the organization, the extent to which objectives and targets have been met, status of corrective and preventive actions, follow-up actions from previous management reviews, changing circumstances, including developments in legal and other requirements related to its environmental aspects, and recommendations for improvement. The outputs from management reviews shall include any decisions and actions related to possible changes to environmental policy, objectives, targets and other elements of the environmental management system, consistent with the commitment to continual improvement.

22. ISO 14001 Standard The basic ISO 14001:2004 standard appears as Annex II, Part A, of the EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (Regulation 1221/2009) – the EMAS Regulation