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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Test Yourself. Characteristics of Acids. 1. Release ____ ions in water (conduct ______) H + electricity 2. Neutralize _____ in neutralization rxn bases 3. Corrode active ______ → ____ gas metals H 2 4. Turn _____ litmus _____ blue red

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases Test Yourself

  2. Characteristics of Acids 1. Release ____ ions in water (conduct ______) H+ electricity 2. Neutralize _____ in neutralization rxn bases 3. Corrode active ______ → ____ gas metals H2 4. Turn _____ litmus _____ blue red 5. Taste ______ sour

  3. Characteristics of Bases 1. Release ____ ions in water (conduct _______) OH- electricity 2. Accept ____ ions from acids H+ 3. Neutralize ____ in neutralization rxns acids 4. Denature _____; feel ________ proteins slippery 5. Turn _____ litmus ______ red blue 6. Taste ______ bitter

  4. Reactions Between Acids and Bases Acid + Ionic Base → ______ + ______ salt H2O Acid + Covalent Base → ____ ions Give 2 examples of ionic base: LiOH NaOH KOH RbOH CsOH Ba(OH)2 (these are only the strong – many others) Give 2 examples of covalent base: H2O NH3

  5. B. Naming acids and bases 1. Acids -- ions that end in “-ide” hydro______ic acid (e.g., HCl) -- ions that end in “-ate” __________ic acid (e.g., H2SO4) -- ions that end in “-ite” __________ous acid (e.g., HNO2) 2. Bases -- Normal ionic naming rules (e.g., Sr(OH)2 – strontium hydroxide)

  6. Try Naming These Acids HNO3 Nitric acid HCl Hydrochloric acid H2SO4 Sulfuric acid HBr Hydrobromic acid

  7. HClO4 Perchloric acid HI Hydroiodic acid C2H4O2 Acetic acid H2PO4 Phosphoric acid HNO2 Nitrous acid

  8. HCN Hydrocyanic acid H2CO3 Carbonic acid HClO3 Chloric acid HClO2 Chlorous acid HClO Hypochlorous acid

  9. Write down the six strong acids How does your list compare with the following? HCl HBr HI HNO3 HClO4 H2SO4 Strong acids ________ _________ in H2O dissociate/ionize completely

  10. Write down the six strong bases (Hint: Look at your periodic table!) LiOH NaOH KOH RbOH CsOH Ba(OH)2

  11. Name the following Bases LiOH Lithium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 Barium hydroxide NH3 Ammonia (tricky exception) Just following ionic compound naming rules!

  12. Predicting Reactions -- Terms Polyprotic acid: An acid that can donate more than one proton Triprotic acid: An acid that can donate up to 3 protons Diprotic acid: An acid that can donate up to 2 protons Amphiprotic: Something that can act as an acid or base (like water)

  13. Acids and Ionic Bases Acid + Ionic base → ______ + _______ Salt water HCl + NaOH → ________ + _________ NaCl H2O H2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 → _______ + _______ BaSO4 2H2O

  14. Acids and Covalent Bases Acid + Covalent Base → ________ ions H3PO4 + 3NH3 → _______ + _______ 3NH4+ PO43- HOCl + H2O → _______ + ______ H3O+ ClO-

  15. pH pH is a measure of _______________. [H+] ions (reads, “concentration [ ] of H+ ions) When pH is less than 7, _____ is greater than the _______. [H+] [OH-] When pH is greater than 7, _____ is greater than the ______. [OH-] [H+] When pH is at 7, [H+] _________ [OH-]. The solution is ________. equals neutral

  16. Molarity Concentration in Chemistry: _____________________ Molarity (M) Molarity = ________/________ moles Liter What is the M of NaOH when 2.6 moles of NaOH are dissolved in 534 mL? (4.9 M NaOH) 124.3 g of HNO3 are dissolved in 250.0mL. What is the M? (7.89 M HNO3)

  17. Dilution What’s the formula? C1V1 = C2V2 Chemist needs 750.0 mL of 3.5M H2SO4. Has 10.0M H2SO4. Write out how you would do the dilution. (Measure 490 mL of water; add 260 mL of H2SO4) Always add _______ to ________!!! acid water

  18. Stoichiometry Sodium sulfate can be made by reacting H2SO4 with sodium hydroxide. How many grams of sodium sulfate can be produced if 500.0 mL of 1.6M sodium hydroxide is reacted with excess sulfuric acid? (57 g Na2SO4)

  19. Titration Titration: The process of slowly reacting a base of unknown concentration with an acid of known concentration (or vice versa) until just enough acid has been added to react with all of the base (the endpoint has been reached). Endpoint: _____________________ # of moles of acid (or base) added are enough to react with any base (or acid) present

  20. 125mL of nitric acid with unknown M is titrated against magnesium hydroxide with a concentration of 2.3 M. If 35.4 mL of base are required in order to reach the endpoint, what was the concentration of the acid? (1.3 M HNO3)

  21. Extra Credit 2 Extra Credit point every time you test yourself! (Just let me know in “discussion”)

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