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Adenine

Plants and some other types of organisms are able to use light energy from the sun to produce their own food. Autotrophs – make their own food Heterotrophs – obtain energy from the foods they consume or absorb. All organisms must release the energy in sugars and other compounds. Ribose.

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Adenine

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  1. Plants and some other types of organisms are able to use light energy from the sun to produce their own food. Autotrophs – make their own food Heterotrophs – obtain energy from the foods they consume or absorb. All organisms must release the energy in sugars and other compounds.

  2. Ribose Adenine ATP 3 Phosphate groups

  3. ATP ADP Section 8-1 Energy Energy Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Fully charged battery Partially charged battery

  4. ATP ADP Section 8-1 Energy Energy Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Fully charged battery Partially charged battery

  5. ATP is a great molecule for transferring energy; it is not a good molecule for storing large amounts of energy over the long term. A single molecule of glucose stores more than 90 times the chemical energy of a molecule of ATP. It is more efficient for cells to keep only a small supply of ATP on hand. Cells regenerate ATP from ADP as needed by using the energy in glucose. If ATP is such a useful source of energy, why do most cells have only enough ATP to last them for a few seconds of activity?

  6. In addition to water and carbon dioxide, photosynthesis requires light and chlorophyll, a molecule in chloroplasts. Sunlight is a mixture of different wavelengths of light. Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called pigments. Chlorophyll is the plants’ principle pigment (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b). Chlorophyll absorbs light in the blue-violet and red regions of the visible spectrum. Green light is reflected by leaves. When chlorophyll absorbs light, the energy from the sun is transferred to the electrons of the chlorophyll molecule. Light and Pigments

  7. Figure 8-5 Chlorophyll Light Absorption Section 8-2 Absorption of Light by Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll a V B G Y O R

  8. Photosynthesis: Reactants and Products Section 8-2 Light Energy Chloroplast CO2 + H2O Sugars + O2

  9. H2O CO2 Sugars O2 Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview Section 8-3 Chloroplast Light Chloroplast NADP+ ADP + P Light- Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH

  10. Figure 8-10 Light-Dependent Reactions Light-Dependent Reactions Section 8-3 Hydrogen Ion Movement Chloroplast Photosystem II ATP synthase Inner Thylakoid Space Thylakoid Membrane Stroma Electron Transport Chain Photosystem I ATP Formation

  11. Figure 8-11 Calvin Cycle Calvin Cycle Section 8-3 CO2 Enters the Cycle Energy Input ChloropIast 5-Carbon Molecules Regenerated 6-Carbon Sugar Produced Sugars and other compounds

  12. Factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis: • Availability of water • Light intensity • Temperature

  13. Light- dependent reactions Calvin cycle Energy from sunlight Thylakoid membranes ATP Stroma NADPH High-energy sugars ATP NADPH O2 Chloroplasts Concept Map Section 8-3 Photosynthesis includes CO2 H2O takes place in uses use take place in to produce to produce of

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