Bodily Responses To Stress

1. The Sympathetic Adrenal Medullary Axis The Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis Bodily Responses To Stress The Nervous System

2. What is stress, and what does it do to us? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xb7NnEpfvSM&NR=1&feature=endscreen http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscreen&v=4g25d7_Afmc ( discovery channel police man)

3. The nervous system CNS (central nervous system) PNS (peripheral nervous system) Brain Spinal cord SNS (somatic nervous system) ANS (autonomic nervous system) Sensory and motor nerves (voluntary) Sympathetic arousal (involuntary) Parasympathetic arousal (involuntary)

4. The Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Central Nervous System Brain Spinal Chord Autonomic Nervous System [Muscles] Somatic Nervous System [Bones] Sympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System

5. The Nervous System Sympathetic Nervous System • The Sympathetic Branch of the Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for the SAM Response to Stress. • It is responsible for Physical Arousal of the body when dominant (due to a Stressor).

6. The Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System • The Parasympathetic Branch of the Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for Counteracting the SAM Response to a Stressor. • It is responsible for Relaxation and Energy Conservation.

7. The Sympathetic Adrenal Medullary Axis • SAM – The Immediate Response to a Stressor. • The Hypothalamus: • Activates the Sympathetic Branch of the Autonomic Nervous System - ANS. • This sends Neuron-Messages to the Inner Core of the Adrenal Gland, the Adrenal Medulla. • This results in the secretion of Adrenaline and Nor-adrenaline.

8. Hypothalamus Part of the brain!

9. The Sympathetic Adrenal Medullary Axis • SAM – The Immediate Response to a Stressor. • The Results of Adrenaline and Nor-Adrenaline • Adrenaline and Nor-Adrenaline are released into the Bloodstream. • This causes the Fight or Flight Response. • Physiological changes occur such as: • Increased Oxygen & Glucose to Brain & Muscles • Increased Heart Rate • Deeper Respiration • Dilating Pupils • Digestion Suppression

10. The Sympathetic Adrenal Medullary Axis The Hypothalamus The ANS Activates Causes The Adrenal Medulla To Release… Adrenaline and Nor-Adrenaline

11. The Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis • HPA – The Long Term Response to a Stressor. • The Hypothalamus: • Activates the Pituitary Gland. • This causes ACTH [Stress Hormone] to be released. • This stimulates the Outer Edge of the Adrenal Gland, the Adrenal Cortex. • This allows the production of Glucocorticoids – Glucose and Cortisol.

12. Hypothalamus Part of the brain!

13. Pituitary Gland An endocrine gland!

14. Adrenal cortex (remember it by thinking of it as the ‘covering’ layer of the adrenal gland! Adrenal Cortex An endocrine gland!

15. The Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis • HPA – The Long Term Response to a Stressor. • The Results of Glucose and Cortisol • Glucocorticoids are released into the Liver to release stored Glucose. • This causes the Immune System to be suppressed. • Other Effects Include: • ✓ Heightened and Maintainable Energy Supply • ✓Lower Pain Sensitivity • ✗Lower Immune Response • ✗High Blood Pressure

16. The Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis The Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Activates Causes the Release of… Adrenal Cortex ACTH Which Acts on… Cortisol and Glucose To Release…