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SPIELVOGEL CHAPTER 16

SPIELVOGEL CHAPTER 16. TOWARD A NEW HEAVAN AND A NEW EARTH: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN SCIENCE. BACKGROUND TO THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION. Aristotle and Galen – key ancient thinkers who examined the physical world Natural philosophers = medieval scientists

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SPIELVOGEL CHAPTER 16

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  1. SPIELVOGEL CHAPTER 16 TOWARD A NEW HEAVAN AND A NEW EARTH: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN SCIENCE

  2. BACKGROUND TO THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION • Aristotle and Galen – key ancient thinkers who examined the physical world • Natural philosophers = medieval scientists • Medieval scientists based their work – 1. strict theological framework 2. a few ancient authorities

  3. THE RENAISSANCE’S IMPACT ON THE SCI. REV. • Renaissance Humanists – mastered Greek and Latin language -> Galen, Ptolemy, Archimedes, Plato, and pre-socratics • Humanists discovered new ancient texts by Galen and Aristotle • Renaissance artists impacted Sci. Rev. – 1. observation of nature 2. use of perspective and math in painting 3. proper understanding of human anatomy

  4. MORE BACKGROUND FACTORS TO SCI. REV. • Technical problems • Emphasis on practical over theoretical knowledge • Printing press -> spread ideas quickly and easily • Mathematics – military sci., navigation, geography • Leonardo da Vinci – nature is inherently mathematical and it provided certainty

  5. MAGIC • Hermetic magic = the world is divine, we are part of the divine -> we can tap in and control the world • Alchemy = changing substances -> stuff into gold • Astrology = position of stars -> influences our lives • Numerology = numbers have secrets • Use magic to control and dominate nature • All giants of the sci. rev. studied magic

  6. THE GREATEST ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE SCI. REV. • ASTRONOMY • MECHANICS/ PHYSICS • MEDICINE

  7. THE MEDIEVAL VIEW OF THE COSMOS • A synthesis of 1. Aristotle 2. Ptolemy 3. Christian theology

  8. PTOLEMAIC/GEOCENTRIC CONCEPTION OF THE COSMOS • Earth centered • Series of 10 concentric spheres • Crystalline/transparent sphere • Perfect circular rotation • Heavenly bodies were orbs of embedded in moving spheres • Beyond the 10th sphere = the kingdom of god/heaven • Man is at the center + god is in his place

  9. COPERNICUS • Polish astronomer • Author of - On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres • Published his book in 1453 -> waited until he was on his deathbed to publish -> fear of consequences • Copernican conception = heliocentric/sun centered • Copernican cosmos -> created uncertainty about man’s role in the universe and God’s location • Protestants were first to attack the new idea • Catholic church remained silent until Galileo in 1610

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