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Bits & Bytes

Bits & Bytes. What Computers Know plus… Acronyms and More Acronyms. Storing/recording information : analog vs digital. analog : a way of recording that uses electronic impulses and lays them down in a pattern analogous to a wave.

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Bits & Bytes

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  1. Bits & Bytes What Computers Know plus… Acronyms and More Acronyms

  2. Storing/recording information:analog vs digital • analog: a way of recording that uses electronic impulses and lays themdown in a pattern analogous to a wave. • digital: a system in which information isexpressed in numerical form for use by a computer (which reads and stores data—text, sounds, images, etc.—as a series of ones and zeros).

  3. bit:BInary digiT; a single unit of information—the smallest unit of information for a computer0 or 1 byte:8 bits; a string of bits that represents one character01000001 = A A byte can represent any of 256 different characters Basic Units

  4. Character sets • ASCII(American Standard Code for Information Interchange; widely-used standard set for first 128 characters) • ANSI (American National Standard Institute; standard set of 256 characters used in Windows) • EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code)

  5. Double-byte • Term used to describe character sets for Chinese, Japanese and other languages, which have more than 256 characters • Unicode: Double-byte (16-bit) system for encoding characters; encoding standard in development by the Unicode Consortium

  6. How many bytes? • kilobyte: abbreviated K (e.g., 48K); one kilobyte is about a thousand bytes • megabyte: abbreviated MB ("meg”); about a million bytes • gigabyte: abbreviated GB (“gig”); about a billion bytes. (enough storage capacity for ~500,000 pages of double-spaced text) • terabyte: about a trillion bytes

  7. K, MB, GB: Capacity of . . . • memory (RAM) • storage (diskettes, flash drives, hard drives, etc.) • communications speed or capacity; also known as bandwidth

  8. RAM and ROM • RAM: Random Access Memory, the temporary electronic memory of a computer— relevant only when the machine is turned on. • ROM: Read Only Memory; nonerasable memory (built into the hardware of the computer—used for internal operations, such as diagnostics)

  9. CDs and DVDs • CD-ROM: Compact Disc-Read Only Memory; a compact disk that stores digital information which can be read by the computer but not changed. Other writeable formats are CD-R (CD Recordable); CD-RW (CD ReWritable); capacity of 700 MB. • DVD: Digital Video Disc ; also Digital Versatile Disc (capacity of 4.7 to 17 GB)

  10. Questions?

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