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Chapter 2: Chemical Context of Life

Chapter 2: Chemical Context of Life. Levels of Biological Organization. Levels of Biological Organization. Start at the smallest level…. 4 Elements = 96% of life (CHON). Changes. Change the number of protons in an atom Different Element Change the number of neutrons in an atom

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Chapter 2: Chemical Context of Life

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  1. Chapter 2: Chemical Context of Life

  2. Levels of Biological Organization

  3. Levels of Biological Organization

  4. Start at the smallest level…

  5. 4 Elements = 96% of life (CHON)

  6. Changes • Change the number of protons in an atom • Different Element • Change the number of neutrons in an atom • Different Isotope • Change the number of electrons in an atom • Ion

  7. Bonding • 2 Types of bonding • Intramolecular Bonding (strong) • Covalent • Ionic • Intermolecular Bonding (weak) • Hydrogen bonds • Van der Waals interactions – weakest by far

  8. Bonding & Electrons • In each bond, there are how many electrons? • So in a double bond (covalent), there are how many electrons being shared?

  9. Intramolecular and Intermolecular? 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____

  10. Types of Covalent Bonds • Polar Covalent Bond • Atoms of different electronegativity • Different pull on electrons = “+” and “-” poles • Different elements • Nonpolar Covalent Bond • Same atoms

  11. Which type of covalent bonds are present in each of the following?

  12. Molecules & Compounds • Covalent bonds = molecule • Ionic bonds = compound • How does an ionic bond form? • CH4 = • H2O = • MgCl2 =

  13. Chemical Equilibrium • Chemical reactions make or break chemical bonds • Usually involves both breaking & making • Models 3 H2 + N2 2 NH3 • Chemical equilibrium • The reaction is NOT static • The reaction is NOT done • Forward and reverse reaction rates equal

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