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Sound

Sound. Chapter 26. Sound. Sound is caused by vibrations Ex: musical instruments. Sound. A medium is required There must be a solid, liquid or gas for sound waves to travel Sound waves WILL NOT travel in a vacuum (space). Sound Waves. Longitudinal wave. Sound Waves.

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Sound

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  1. Sound Chapter 26

  2. Sound • Sound is caused by vibrations Ex: musical instruments

  3. Sound • A medium is required • There must be a solid, liquid or gas for sound waves to travel • Sound waves WILL NOT travel in a vacuum (space)

  4. Sound Waves • Longitudinal wave

  5. Sound Waves • Amplitude – volume; loudness • Frequency – pitch; high or low

  6. Speed of Sound 340 m/s IN AIR AT ROOM TEMPERATURE! • Depends on medium! What medium would produce the fastest speed of sound? SOLIDS!

  7. Forced vibration is when something vibrates because there is energy from another source causing it. Example: cell phone on “vibrate” *Water glasses Forced Vibration

  8. Natural Frequency • Every material has a natural frequency that it vibrates at when struck Example: wrench and baseball bat

  9. Resonance When forced vibration matches an object’s natural frequency, resonance occurs. Resonance is an explosion of amplitude. Sometimes when resonance occurs mechanically, it can be very destructive.

  10. Resonance • Tacoma Narrows Bridge

  11. The Doppler Effect In your lab book, answer the following questions: • What is the Doppler Effect? • How does a plane break the sound barrier? • Why doesn’t the space shuttle break the sound barrier in space? • How could a human produce a sonic boom?

  12. Resonance Activity Resonance is most often used in music. By forcing vibration of a column of air that has a particular length, a certain frequency or pitch is produced.

  13. Rules for Boomwhackers: No sword-fighting No hitting classmates No hitting the tables. Resonance Activity

  14. Resonance Activity • Measure the length of your resonance tube. • Knowing the speed of sound, calculate the frequency of your note. • Match how close your calculation is to the actual frequency of your note. Do you notice any similarities?

  15. Resonance Activity

  16. Beat • Beat occurs when two frequencies are just out of step with each other.

  17. f = 10/4 = 2.5 Hz f = 12/4 = 3 Hz fBeat = 3 Hz – 2.5 Hz fBeat = 0.5 Hz (2/4) Calculating Beat

  18. Calculating Beat Pick two of the notes listed below and find the frequency of the beat, if the two are played at the same time.

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