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Binary Covalent Compounds

Binary Covalent Compounds. Composed of two nonmetals can be same or different. Two naming systems. Stock system: learned for ionic compounds “ official ” Traditional: what hear on news what see on ingredient lists. Both Traditional & Stock. a.

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Binary Covalent Compounds

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  1. Binary Covalent Compounds • Composed of two nonmetals • can be same or different

  2. Two naming systems • Stock system: • learned for ionic compounds • “official” • Traditional: • what hear on news • what see on ingredient lists

  3. Both Traditional & Stock a • Least electronegative of two elements goes first • REMINDER: • electronegativity values in table S

  4. Stock System • 1st element must have Roman Numeral • Have to figure out oxidation number

  5. Stock System & Oxidation Numbers • molecular substances DON’T contain ions • use concept of oxidation number for electron bookkeeping • pretend all shared electrons go to atom with higher electronegativity value • oxidation number would be: • atom with higher electronegativity value has (-) oxidation number • atom with lower electronegativity value is (+)

  6. Na He O2 N2 S8 Cl2 P 3. 7 Rules for Oxidation Numbers 1. # for free, uncombined element = 0 2. # for monatomic ion = charge on ion Ca+2 = +2 Cl-1 = -1 Al+3 = +3 Fluorine is always -1 CF4

  7. 5. OF2 -Bonded to fluorine, where O is +2 O22- -In the peroxide ion, where O is -1 a 4. Hydrogen is nearly always +1, except when bonded to a metal-then it’s -1 Oxygen is nearly always -2 EXCEPT when its: LiH CaH2 NaH

  8. H2O CO2 NO SO3 7. Sum in SO42- = -2 Sum in NO31- = -1 6. The sum of oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is 0 The sum of oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion = charge of the ion 8. For covalent molecules, pretend they are ionic (But doesn’t mean they have ions!!!)

  9. Stock System Naming Binary Covalent Compounds

  10. so C is +4 Total = -4 Total = +4 Carbon (IV) oxide CO2 CO2: C goes first: less electronegative than O Each O is -2 CO2

  11. so S is +6 Each O is -2 SO3 Total “pos” = +6 Total “neg” = -6 Sulfur (VI) Oxide Try SO3

  12. Each O is -2 Each N is +3 Total “neg” = -6 Total “pos” = +6 Nitrogen (III) oxide Try N2O3 N2O3

  13. Each O is -2 Each P is +5 Total “pos” = +10 Total “neg” = -10 Phosphorus (V) oxide Try P2O5 P2O5

  14. Traditional Naming System Naming Binary Covalent Compounds

  15. Traditional Naming • less electronegative element named 1st • stem 2nd element plus “-ide” • prefixes tell how many of each element Exception: NEVER start a name with “mono-”

  16. # of Atoms Prefix # of Atoms Prefix 1 mono 6 hexa 2 di 7 hepta 3 tri 8 octa 4 tetra 9 nona 5 penta 10 deca Prefixes: Traditional System

  17. H = hydr C = carb N = nitr O = ox F = fluor Si = silic P = phosph S = sulf Cl = chlor As = arsen Se = selen Br = brom Te = tellur I = iod Stems: just a reminder

  18. H2O dihydrogen monoxide NH3 nitrogen trihydride N2H4 dinitrogen tetrahydride NO NO2 nitrogen dioxide N2O dinitrogen monoxide Traditional Naming nitrogen monoxide

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