GreenTouch Consortium: Building the Roadmap

1. GreenTouch Consortium: Building the Roadmap Dan Kilper Chair, Technical Committee

2. 2020 ICT Carbon Footprint 820m tons CO2 360m tons CO2 2007 Worldwide ICTcarbon footprint:2% = 830 m tons CO2 Comparable to theglobal aviation industry Expected to grow to 4% by 2020 260m tons CO2 The Climate Group, GeSIReport “Smart 2020”, 2008

3. Tightening Energy Bottleneck Bandwidth, Services, Applications Technology Limits CAPEX • Capacity limits for existing technology and by power/thermal budgets • Deploying new efficient equipment Energy Corporate Responsibility to Climate Change OPEX $$$ Energy costs • Publicly visible good-will provided by being "Green" • Proactive stance in reducing greenhouse gas emissions • Customers feel better about service provider . . . leading to revenue growth • With energy costs sky-rocketing, increasing share of operations cost • Cooling is high percentage of network power consumption (20% to 50%) Internet

4. Fiber Capacity Deficit or “Crunch” Data Penny Calls, 24/7 Connection What next? 10x Traffic Voice Commercial Systems Only call on weekends 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

5. The Network Energy Gap Traffic Internet Backbone Mobile Data Growing Gap! Mobile Efficiency Wireline Efficiency Kilper, et. al., IEEE JSTQE 2011

6. Ideal Efficiency Improvements on BAU: Flat in 2020 • Improving network efficiency at best keeps power consumption flat over next decade • What happens after 2020? • Can only use ‘sleep modes’ once Current technology will only sustain us for another decade: how do we go beyond?

7. ICT Industry Responds • First Step: metrics, awareness, standards, call to action • Global e-Sustainability Initiative (GeSI) • ITU-T • GreenGrid • Next Step: Cooperation, Action • EARTH: LTE 2x • Mobile VCE: Green Radio 100x • Institute for Energy Efficiency: Wireless and Optical 100x • GreenTouch: ICT Networks 1000x Semiconductor Industry Already Organized for the Long View: ITRS 15 years out

8. What is GreenTouch? Broad, open and global consortium executing research projects to achieve aggressive goal Roadmap organization establishing reference architectures and research targets to overcome major challenges facing network scaling and energy Venue for cooperation and enabling demonstrations among research organizations Forum for the exchange of information on energy trends, challenges, & research on communication networks GreenTouch Mission By 2015, our goal is to deliver the architecture, specifications and roadmap — and demonstrate key components — needed to increase network energy efficiency by a factor of 1000 from current levels.

9. GreenTouch Members • AT&T Services • Athens Information Technology (AIT) Center for Research & Education • Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent • Broadcom • Carnegie Mellon University • CEA-LETI Applied Research Institute for Microelectronics • China Mobile • Chunghwa Telecom • Columbia University • Commscope/Andrew • Draka Communications • Dublin City University • ETRI • ES Network/Lawrence Berkeley Labs • Fondazione Politecnico di Milano • Fraunhofer-Geselleschaft • France Telecom • Freescale Semiconductor • Fujitsu • Huawei • IBBT • IMEC • INRIA • KAIST • Karlsruhe Institute of Technology • KatholiekeUniversiteit Leuven (K.U. Leuven) • King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology • KT Corporation • National ICTA Australia • Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp • Politecnico di Torino • Portugal Telecom Inovação, S.A. • Samsung (SAIT) • Seoul National University • Swisscom • TNO • Tsinghua University • TTI • TU Dresden • University College London • University of Cambridge • University of Delaware • University of L’Aquila • University of Leeds • University of Manchester • University of Maryland • University of Melbourne’s Institute for a Broadband-Enabled Society (IBES) • University of New South Wales • University of Paderborn • University of Rochester • University of Toronto • Waterford Institute of Technology • ZTE GreenTouch : Building the Roadmap | 2011

10. GreenTouch Organization Executive Board Gee Rittenhouse Technical Committee Dan Kilper, Shugong Xu Operations Committee Thierry V. Landegem, Kevin Kemp Services, Applications Trends Steve Korotky , BianSen Network Committee Kerry Hinton Working Groups

11. GreenTouch Working Groups Working Groups Access Networks Wireline Access Networks P. Vetter, L. Lefevre Mobile CommunicationsU. Barth, E. Calvanese-Strinati Core Networks Switching and Routing T. Klein, J. Elmirghani Optical Networking & Transmission W. Shieh, C. Dorize

12. GreenTouch Approach • Bottom Up Research Organization • Use of models to structure and guide research and collaboration • Funding through member contributions & external sources • Gauge impact of innovations on: • Alternative metrics (carbon footprint, network power, embedded energy) • Adjacent technologies (data centers, handsets) • Measure, model and predict energy consumption in ICT networks (equipment trends, traffic, deployment)

13. Targets and Challenges How do we prevent this? Total Network Mobile What are the major technical obstacles? Wireline Access S&R WDM If we wait until 2020, won’t see solution until 2030!

14. Consortium 5 Year Goal • Define architectures • Demonstrate tech. Use models for network in 2020 to set technology demonstration requirements

15. Use Architecture Models & Targets to Track Progress • Define architectures and track research results • Identify targets for each architecture and update network efficiency in model as targets are achieved • Working groups define targets and evaluate completion • Targets can be achieved within GreenTouch projects or from broader community • Identify gaps in effort and solicit new activities Goal Remaining targets achieved 12 targets achieved 1 target achieved 3 targets achieved

16. Modeling Provides Clear Picture of Goals • Baseline year 2010 • Target year 2020 • GreenTouch results in five years: 2015 DRAFT MODEL Efficiency in Mbps/W GreenTouch 5 year Goal: Element efficiency demonstrationtargets for model 2020 network Overall network efficiencytarget in 2020

17. Roadmap Details Underway GPON XGPON • Draft wireline access cpe trend • Draft Core Opt Ntwk transponder model After sleep mode Efficient HW design Virtual HGW BI PON Low power circuits beyond CMOS

18. Structure Services, Applications & Trends Core Optical Networking & Transmission Wireline Access Networks Core Switching & Routing Mobile Communications 20X 2000X 1600X 400X

19. Some Research Projects… Beyond Cellular – Green Mobile Networks Virtual Home Gateway Optimal End-to-End Resource Allocation Service Energy Aware Optical Networks Green Transmission Technologies Minimum Energy Access Architectures Single-Chip Linecards Large-Scale Antenna Systems Highly-Adaptive Layer Mesh Networks Massive MIMO Steady flow of new Projects& coop. activities

20. First Technology Demonstration: Large Scale Antenna Array Systems, Using MIMO to Focus RF Energy Processing Unit Marzetta, T. L., IEEE Trans Wireless Comm, Nov 2010

21. Current Antenna Technology Antenna End-user

22. Current Antenna Technology Antenna End-user Power used © 2011 GreenTouch Consortium

23. Simulating Current Antenna Technology 16 element antenna array Antenna End-user Power used = 16W

24. Large Scale Antenna System Demonstration Antenna 16 Antennas  16x power reduction! Collaborators: Bell Labs Freescale Huawei imec Samsung End-user Power used = 1W

25. Beyond Cellular MobileSeparating Data Network from Signaling Network • Data Network Signaling Network Collaborators: Polimi Bell Labs Huawei Samsung INRIA Mobile Communications Working Group

26. Wireline Access DSP Platforms for Wireless Home Network Min. Energy Access Architectures Sleep Modes Un-cooled Tunable Lasers Virtual Home Gateway Low Power OFDM in Optical Access Novel PON Protocols; Low Power Customer Premises Equipment Fiber in the Home

27. Multiple Cores Cross-X CMOS Content Cache Optical Fiber Silicon Photonics Single-Chip Router Linecards Hybrid Electronic – Photonic Chip Core Switching & Routing Working Group

28. Input Thru port Drop port Add port Cooperation Among Diverse Research Groups & Consortia • Cooperating Project INTERNET: INTelligent Energy awaReNETworks Zinwave

29. Current GreenTouch Projects • BCG2: Beyond Cellular Green Generation* • GTT: Green Transmission Technologies* • LSAS: Large Scale Antenna Systems* • Minimum Energy Access Architectures • Minimum energy access architecture demonstration • VHG: Virtual Home Gateway • OPERA: Optimal End to End Resource Allocation • STAR: Switching & Transmission • REPTILE: Router Power Measurements • Single Chip Linecard • ZeBRA: Zero Buffer Router Architectures • SEASON: Service Energy Aware Sustainable Optical Networks* • HALF MOON: Highly Adaptive Layer for Mesh On-off Optical Networks • EFICOST: Energy Efficient High Capacity OFDM Signal Transmission • Telecommunication Audits and Data Aggregation *Cluster project made up of several sub-projects/activities

30. GreenTouch Project Process Includes endorsement of contributed or cooperative projects & activities Opportunity for members to review, solicit, & fund projects or make in-kind contributions Members can direct donations for the purpose of funding projects or activities, or make a general contribution

31. Initial Activities Build research program First technology demonstration spring 2011 Establish common reference architecture Define primary research targets Establish expected trends on key metrics to 2020 Provide international forum for cooperation and exchange of ideas on energy research topics

32. New Approaches: Focus on Energy • New devices • Analog vs digital, best use of optics and electronics • Old ideas finding new life: large scale MIMO • New architectures • trade-off transmission/bandwidth and processing, distributed versus centralized • New protocols • Longer packet sizes or no packets at all for certain applications • Service optimized networks • Move away from one size fits all—use most energy efficiency hardware for the service • Coordinate service delivery/applications with network hardware operation • Restructuring layers, architectures, feature options • How much do way pay in energy for convenience? duplicated functions (FEC)? • What technologies do we really need in order to support the essential capabilities?

33. Minimizing Processing • Repetition • Unnecessary router hops • Inter-operator exchange • Multiple transmissions • Remove processing from the data path • Separate control channel? • Focus on Service • Content delivery vs. browsing vs messaging • Push to the edges • FEC • Security, policy processing • Simplified Addressing • Geographic addressing/binary switching Separate what is needed from what is convenience

34. A Scalable Internet: Holistic Re-Design • Processing • New addressing—transparent data flow • End-to-End—security, FEC • Back to the Future • Optimized hardware for given task: service differentiation • Take the movies out of the routers • How many layers do we need? • How do protocols and algorithms impact hardware design? • How do we unlock physical potential—small cells, efficient MIMO? • What is the real energy cost for the features and functions supported in the network?

35. A global organization dedicated to the long term sustainability of ICT networks Tackle major problems end-to-end, full picture Lay the foundation technologies Clear vision for future: roadmap Opportunities 300 250 200 ANNUAL GROWTH RATE (%) 150 100 50 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 YEAR Future is a different game than the past

36. Thank You www.greentouch.org © 2011 GreenTouch Consortium