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Scientific Identification & Classification

Scientific Identification & Classification. Applied plant sciences. Biology – the study of both plants and animals Forestry – growing trees for lumber pr plywood Horticulture – plants grown for food or beautification Agronomy – the study of soild and how plants are grown in them

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Scientific Identification & Classification

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  1. Scientific Identification & Classification

  2. Applied plant sciences • Biology – the study of both plants and animals • Forestry – growing trees for lumber pr plywood • Horticulture – plants grown for food or beautification • Agronomy – the study of soild and how plants are grown in them • The way to distinguish among the applied sciences is the purpose for which plants are grown

  3. Plant Parts • Leaves • Stems • Roots • Flowers

  4. Leaves-External • Petiole-leaf stalk or part that connects the leaf to the stem • Blade-the large, flat part of the leaf • Midrib-the large center vein • Veins-the structural framework of the leaf • Margin-the edge of the leaf

  5. Leaves-External

  6. Leaf Retention • Evergreen-Leaves stay on the plant all year long • Deciduous-Leaves will fall off during the dormant periods • Herbaceous-leaves and stems die back at the end of the season

  7. Leaf Type

  8. Leaf Type

  9. Leaf Shapes Cordate Elliptical Spatulate Deltoid Ovate Lanceolate Liner

  10. Leaf Margin

  11. Leaf Arrangement Alternate Opposite Whorled

  12. Vein Pattern

  13. Functions of the leaf • Photosynthesis - process by which plants collect sunlight and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into food. • Respiration – converts sugars and starches into energy. • Transpiration - the release of water vapor from the leaves of the plants. It also cools the plant.

  14. Stems • Movement of Materials • Support of the leaves and reproductive structures • Food storages • Reproduction with stem cuttings or grafting

  15. Stems-External • Lenticels - breathing pores found on stems and branches • Bud scale scars- indicate where terminal buds have been • Leaf Scars- indicate where leaves have been attached • Terminal bud- bud on the end of the stem • Axillary or lateral bud Axillary bud is located at the axil of the leaf, lateral bud is located on the sides of stems.

  16. Thorns & Prickles Thorn Prickle

  17. Modified Stems Stolon Cladophyll Tuber

  18. Root Functions • Anchor the plant and hold it upright • Absorb water and minerals from the soil and conduct them to the stem • Store large quantities of plant food • Propagate or reproduce some plants

  19. Roots-External • Root cap-indicates growth of new cells • Root hairs-absorb moisture (water) and minerals Root images from a rice plant

  20. Root Types Fibrous Roots Tap Root

  21. Layers of Roots • Fibrous-many branched shallow roots • are easier to transplant • Tap-long root with few branched ones • more difficult to transplant

  22. Flowers • Sepals-Green parts that cover and protect flower bud before it opens • Petals-are really leaves that are modified to attract insects for flower pollination, the pretty part that we call flowers • Stamen-male part of the flower • Pistil-female part of the flower

  23. Flowers

  24. Parts of the Stamen • Filament-short stalk that holds up the anther • Anther-a sac-like structure that contains pollen, the male sex cells

  25. Parts of the Pistil • Stigma-sticky part on top of style where insects leave pollen • Style-holds up the stigma and connects it to the ovary • Ovary-if fertilized becomes a fruit or seed coat • Ovules-the eggs or female sex cells that become seeds if fertilized

  26. Complete-vs-Incomplete • Complete flowers have both male and female parts • Incomplete flowers have only male or female parts

  27. Monoeciuos • All male or all female flowers on plant • Examples: Hollies or Ginkgo Male Female

  28. Dioecious • Male and female, imperfect flowers on same plant • Examples: Squash & Pumpkin

  29. Flower Types Spike Corymbs Panicle

  30. Flower Types Umbel Head

  31. Plant Parts-Fruit • Cones • Nut (acorn) • Clusters or drupes (raspberry) • Capsules (willow) • Samara (maple)

  32. Fruits and Nuts Acorns Cones Cluster Drupe

  33. Fruits and Nuts Capsule Samara Pome

  34. Life Cycle • Annual-a plant that lives for only 1 year or less • Biennial-a plant that lives for 2 years, usually flowering in the second year • Perennial-a plant that lives for more than 2 years

  35. Growth Habits • Trees: greater than 12 feet tall • Shrubs: less than 12 feet tall • Vines: a plant that climbs & spreads

  36. Growth Habits • House Plant: plant grown indoors • Bedding Plant: a plant used in flowering beds

  37. Forms of Plants:Growth Pattern Spreading Columnar Weeping

  38. Growth Forms Round Pyramidal Oval

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