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Learning & Reinforcement

Learning & Reinforcement. HRMOB 570. Theories of Learning. Classical conditioning Reinforcement Theory Social Cognitive (aka Social Learning) Theory. Reinforcement Theory. Definition: a consequence that increases likelihood of response positive: application of pleasant

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Learning & Reinforcement

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  1. Learning & Reinforcement HRMOB 570

  2. Theories of Learning • Classical conditioning • Reinforcement Theory • Social Cognitive (aka Social Learning) Theory

  3. Reinforcement Theory • Definition: a consequence that increases likelihood of response • positive: application of pleasant • negative: removal of aversive • Types of reinforcers: • Positive • Aversive

  4. Types of Reinforcement Apply Withdraw Reward Aversive

  5. Schedules of Reinforcement • Continuous • Intermittent: • Interval • Fixed • Variable • Ratio • Fixed • Variable

  6. Behavior Modification • Identify behaviors that are CLEARLY related to performance • Measure natural occurrence of behavior across time • Identify events that precipitate the behavior as well as the consequences of the behavior • Develop an intervention strategy: • Pick reinforcer(s) • Decide on a schedule of reinforcement • Implement schedule • Chart behavior change over time • Revise strategy if necessary • Assess behavioral change

  7. Maximizing the Effectiveness of Reinforcement • More likely to work when: • Rewards are valued (give CHOICE!) • Regular feedback on performance • Reward closely follows desired behavior • Person knows what is expected and how they will be rewarded • Rewards are administered fairly and consistently • Common Problems: • Reinforcement not immediate • Reinforcement is non-contingent • Reward is not powerful enough • Inconsistent distribution

  8. Some Guidelines Regarding Punishment • “Hot Stove” rule • Swift • Relatively intense • Impersonal • Focus is on behavior • Consistent • Describe alternative acceptable behavior

  9. Social Cognitive Theory • Vicarious learning • Performance is the result of: • Goals • self-efficacy • emotional reactions

  10. Learning Styles • Concrete Experiencing (thinking) • Reflective Observation (watching) • Abstract Conceptualizing (thinking) • Active Experimentation (doing)

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