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Animal Strategies. I. Body Organization. A. Complexity. From Cells to Tissues to Organs to Systems. B. Tissues. a. Epithelium. b. Connective. Figure 40.5. Figure 40.5. c. Muscle. d. Nervous. Figure 40.5. Figure 40.5. e. Embryonic. Figure 47.1.
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Animal Strategies I. Body Organization A.Complexity
a. Epithelium b. Connective Figure 40.5 Figure 40.5
c. Muscle d.Nervous Figure 40.5 Figure 40.5
e. Embryonic Figure 47.1
Developmental stages of an Echinoderm Figure 47.7
Differentiation yields endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm from the inner cell mass. Figure 47.16
Which body systems are involved in movement? Skeletal, Muscular, and Articular Which body systems are involved in homeostasis? Circulatory, Integumentary, Urinary, Nervous, and Endocrine Which body systems are involved in energy capture? Digestion and Respiratory Which body systems are involved in regulation? Nervous and Endocrine
Which body systems are involved in reproduction? Reproductive, Nervous, and Endocrine Which body systems are involved in protection? Circulatory, Integumentary, Nervous, and Endocrine What are the body systems seen in animals? Integumentary, Skeletal, Articular, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Circulatory, Excretory, Digestive, Respiratory, and Reproductive
II. Body Plan A.Traditional View
Based on Embryonic and Anatomic evidence a. Evidence Metamorphosis Figure 32.2 Remodeling Figure 32.4
b. Grades - 35 animal clades based on tissues present Figure 32.10 & 11
b. Grades - 35 animal clades based on body symmetry Figure 32.7
b. Grades - 35 animal clades based on body cavities Figure 32.8
b. Grades - 35 animal clades based on development patterns Figure 32.9
a. Evidence Based on DNA andrRNAevidence? Lophotrochozoa vs. Figure 32.13
vs. Ecdyozoa Figure 32.12
b. Comparison of Molecularvs.Traditionalviews. Figure 32.10 & 11
III. Animal Phyla A.Invertebrates
Parazoans = Phylum Porifera Sessile adults, suspension feeders, hermaphroditic, and special cellscalled choanocytes and amebocytes
Radiata = Phylum Cnidarians Cnidocytes and Nematocysts
Radiata = Phylum Ctenophora Comb jellies
Protostomia: Lophotrochozoa = Phylum Platyhelminthes Flat worms Figure 33.10 Figure 33.12
Phylum Nemertea Proboscis or Ribbon wormswith complete digestive tract and closed circulatory system. Figure 33.15
Phylum Mollusca Figure 33.17 Figure 33.20
Phylum Mollusca Figure 33.18
Phylum Mollusca Figure 33.22
Phylum Annelida Figure 33.24 & 25
Protostomia : Ecdysozoa = Phylum Nematoda Figure 33.26 Figure 33.27 Roundworms = moist habitat; non-segmented, short tapered ends, a cuticle exoskeleton, pseudocoelomic, and sexual
Phylum Arthropoda Figure 33.31
Phylum Arthropoda Figure 33.33
Phylum Arthropoda Figure 33.36
Phylum Arthropoda Figure 33.38
Phylum Echinodermata Radial yet segmented Figure 33.40
Phylum Echinodermata Figure 33.40
Deuterostomia = Phylum Chordata Invertebrate Chordates = tunicates and lancelets Figure 34.4 Notochord, Dorsal Nerve Cord, Pharyngeal Slits, & Post anal Tail
and lancelets Figure 34.5 Notochord, Dorsal Nerve Cord, Pharyngeal Slits, & Post Anal Tail
Chordates gnathostomes (jaw less) = Myxini, Figure 34.9 Figure 34.10 Notochord, Dorsal Nerve Cord, Pharyngeal Slits, & Post Anal Tail
Chordates (jawed) Chondrichthyes, Figure 34.15