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Being f i t doesn’t deserv e all these

Yousef Ahmad ShamsAldeen Faculty Of Pharmacy “saccharin & cancer “ Ajman university of science & technology A.U.S.T.N. Being f i t doesn’t deserv e all these. Contents. Objective Introduction What is saccharin Synthesis of saccharin F.D.A studies Arguments Studies follow up

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Being f i t doesn’t deserv e all these

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  1. Yousef Ahmad ShamsAldeenFaculty Of Pharmacy“saccharin & cancer “Ajman university of science & technologyA.U.S.T.N

  2. Being fit doesn’t deserve all these

  3. Contents • Objective • Introduction • What is saccharin • Synthesis of saccharin • F.D.A studies • Arguments • Studies follow up • Supporting commentaries • The mechanism • Urinary bladder transitional carcinoma • Survey • Recommendations

  4. Introduction • Saccharin was discovered in 1879 by a Russian chemist; Constantin Fahlberg at Johns Hopkin’s university . • It is widely used from that date till today as an artificial sweetener as well as to keep their health away from the normal sucrose disadvantages such as ; weight gaining and hyperglycemia

  5. What is saccharin? • Saccharin is an artificial sweetener of 200 – 700 times sweeter than sucrose , used by those individuals suffering from diabetes , obesity and overweight or those going on diet • It is white crystalline powder of molecular weight = 183.19gm/mloe with faint aromatic odour • it has the following structure which is named by the IUPAC as 1,1-Dioxy-1,2-Benzoisothiazol-3-One

  6. Synthesis of saccharin

  7. F.D.A studies conclusions • In renal system studying one of the authors said “ we have not seen like these lesions before “ regarding to the renal papillary lesions observation • 3 main observations: Papillary lesions , venous thrombosis & renal pelvis hyperplasia • In normal doses, the hyperplasic effect on renal pelvis is enough to be pre-neoplastic to transitional carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

  8. Picture of F.D.A observations

  9. Mammary glands • saccharin was carcinogenic for the mammary gland in both males and females

  10. Vascular and hematopoietic system • Lymphosarcoma ( malignant connective tissue tumour of lymphatic duct ) was observed in 5% saccharin ingested rats

  11. Arguments

  12. Studies follow up … • saccharin was prohibited from being used in food by the F.D.A regarding to the committee on human resource (17thof October 1977) • F.D.A has announced that any saccharin beverages should be labelled with the following: "Use of this product may be hazardous to your health. This product contains saccharin, which has been determined to cause cancer in laboratory animals“ • But this label has been removed in 2000 not by the F.D.A but by the U.S congress because of heavy industrial lobbying

  13. Supporting commentaries • Saccharin is group 2B – possible carcinogen according to International Agency for Research and Cancer (IARC). • Many other studies were achieved for saccharin and successfully proved the carcinogenicity of saccharin on human urinary bladder

  14. The mechanism • Once the carbonyl oxygen is ionized, in response to the resonance as well as to the lesser extent the sufonyl oxygen it will be highly neucleophilic that can attach to tissue proteins and causes destructions and mutations

  15. Urinary bladder transitional carcinoma • ranged from papillary to flat and non invasive to invasive and extremely differentiated ( grade I; papillary non invasive) to anaplastic aggressive cancers (grade III; invasive papillary or flat). • death by obstruction of ureters rather than metastasis.

  16. Survey

  17. Our comments • It is carcinogenic as well as teratogenic regarding to the studies • its application on the skin of the rats in the presence of Croton oil can cause skin papillomas ( benign tumour of surface epithelium tissue ) since croton oil contains of skin promoter substances these are phorbol esters • saccharin can lead to gain weight , which is of course opposite to the desire of these people going on diet • sweetener saccharin activate a Cephalic Phase Insulin Release ( CPIR )when applied to the oral cavity only .

  18. Recommendations • To take large amount of liquids ( water for instance ) if saccharin is ingested • Regular users of saccharin are requested to take occasionally 3 days break from the chemical • Pregnant women are not recommended to have saccharin • To the manufacturers we said ; think about people health rather than their money !

  19. If it is necessary to have sweet beverages, it’s better to try better artificial sweeteners such as ( sucralose;600 times sweeter than sucrose & acesulfame potassium ; 200 times sweeter ) both are approved by F.D.A as safe products for normal and pregnant women.

  20. Special thanks • For all people who have helped me in this project;Family members, project supervisor, whith special thanks to Abdullah M.alkandari for his cooperation in getting the successful survey by the appreciated questionnaires.

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