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Bacteria & Viruses

Bacteria & Viruses. 4 Ways to Identify Bacteria. Shape Cocci Bacillus Spirochete. Cell Wall Peptidoglycan – in bacteria cell wall Gram (+) Purple Gram (-) Red. Movement Flagella Slime Layer None. How they get their energy Photoautotroph

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Bacteria & Viruses

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  1. Bacteria & Viruses

  2. 4 Ways to Identify Bacteria • Shape • CocciBacillusSpirochete

  3. Cell Wall • Peptidoglycan– in bacteria cell wall • Gram (+) Purple Gram (-) Red

  4. Movement Flagella Slime Layer None

  5. How they get their energy • Photoautotroph • Chemoautotroph • Heterotroph • Photoheterotroph

  6. Bacterial Reproduction & Growth Binary Fission Conjugation

  7. Oxygen Needs of Bacteria Oxygen at top Facultative Anaerobe Obligate Aerobe Obligate Anaerobe

  8. Nitrogen Fixation Process where bacteria on plant roots convert nitrogen gas in the air into ammonia Nitrogen is necessary for proteins and nucleic acids Mutualism! Both plant and bacteria benefit

  9. Human uses for bacteria

  10. Pathogens – Bacteria that cause disease • Two Ways Bacteria Cause Disease • Produce Toxins (Food poisoning) • Damage Tissue

  11. Controlling Bacterial Growth • Antibiotics – Slows growth; does not kill bacteria • Disinfectants – Chemical that kills bacteria • Sterilization – Heat, pressure, gas that kills bacteria • Refrigeration – Slows growth; does not kill bacteria • Canning – High heat to kill bacteria • Chemical Treatments – Preservatives in food; slows growth; does not kill

  12. Virus – Obligate Parasite – Must have a host to survive and multiply Capsid DNA or RNA

  13. Lytic Cycle of a Virus

  14. Lysogenic Cycle of a Virus

  15. How Vaccines Work

  16. Oncogenic Viruses Disrupt cyclins that regulate cell growth

  17. Retroviruses Have RNA which needs Reverse Transcriptase to convert into DNA and then added into host DNA for replication of virus

  18. Prions – Infectious Proteins when eaten target specific tissues such as the brain Mad Cow Disease Scrapies in Sheep

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