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Future Radar and Satellite Technology

Future Radar and Satellite Technology. Daniel C. Miller National Weather Service Columbia, SC. The Big Idea. New radar and satellite technology will improve NWS operations!. Outline. Introduction Part I. Dual-Polarization Radar Technology Benefits What is it? Applications When?

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Future Radar and Satellite Technology

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  1. Future Radar and Satellite Technology Daniel C. Miller National Weather Service Columbia, SC

  2. The Big Idea New radar and satellite technology will improve NWS operations!

  3. Outline • Introduction • Part I. Dual-Polarization Radar Technology • Benefits • What is it? • Applications • When? • Part II. Next Generation Weather Satellite • Benefits and New Features • Applications • When? • Conclusion

  4. Part I. Dual-Polarization Radar Technology Photo courtesy of NSSL

  5. Dual-Polarization Radar TechnologyKey Benefits Better Determination of Precipitation Type Better Estimates of Rainfall Amount Better Detection of Hail

  6. What does Dual-Polarization Mean?

  7. What does Dual-Polarization Mean?

  8. How Is Dual-Polarization Radar Technology Useful? Image courtesy NSSL

  9. How Is Dual-Polarization Radar Technology Useful? Dual-Polarization Radar tells us about the size, shape, & variety of objects. –=Size (|+–)=Shape σ(|+–)=Variety Image courtesy NSSL

  10. Differential Reflectivity (ZDR) ZDR ~ 10log (Ph/Pv) (dB) Pv Pv Ph Ph Ph~ Pv ZDR ~ 0 Ph>> Pv ZDR >> 0

  11. ZDR Values for Hail ~ 0Ph ~ Pv

  12. Differential Reflectivity (ZDR) Applications Reflectivity (ZH) Differential Reflectivity (ZDR) Image courtesy CIMMS-OU

  13. Differential Reflectivity (ZDR) Applications Reflectivity (ZH) Differential Reflectivity (ZDR) Hail !! Image courtesy CIMMS-OU

  14. Correlation Coefficient (CC) • A statistical correlation that describes the similarities in the backscatter characteristics of the horizontally and vertically polarized echoes. • It is a good indicator of regions where there is a mixture of precipitation types, such as rain and snow.

  15. Using CC to Differentiatebetween Rain & Snow What precipitation is liquid, frozen, or mixed Frozen Melting Liquid 2.4o Correlation Coefficient Product 2.4o Reflectivity Product Image courtesy NSSL

  16. Specific Differential Phase (KDP) • Measures the rate of change of horizontally and vertically-polarized phase shift with distance • Improves Precipitation Amount Estimates • Detects where most liquid water content is • Removes effect of hail contamination

  17. When will Dual-Polarization Radar Technology Arrive? • 4 NWS beta test sites Fall 2010 • Nationwide installation 2011-2012 • Columbia, SC (CAE)

  18. Summary of Benefits with Dual-Polarization Radar Technology Better Determination of Precipitation Type Better Estimates of Rainfall Amount Better Detection of Hail

  19. Part II. Next Generation Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R)

  20. GOES-R New Capabilities Higher Resolution Images Data Received in More Frequent Time Intervals A Large Suite of New Products

  21. Comparison of GOES-R Imagerto current GOES GOES-RCurrent Spectral Coverage 16 bands 5 bands Visible Resolution 0.5 km ~1 km IR/WV resolution 2 km ~4-8 km Full disk Every 15 min Every 3 hr CONUS Every 5 min Every 15 min Mesoscale Every 30 sec! N/A

  22. Comparison of GOES-R Imagerto current GOES GOES-RCurrent Spectral Coverage 16 bands 5 bands Visible Resolution 0.5 km ~1 km IR/WV resolution 2 km ~4-8 km Full disk Every 15 min Every 3 hr CONUS Every 5 min Every 15 min Mesoscale Every 30 sec! N/A

  23. Example of Visible Loop Using 1-Min Images Courtesy Timothy J. Schmit, NOAA/NESDIS/STAR Madison, WI

  24. Comparison of GOES-R Imagerto current GOES GOES-RCurrent Spectral Coverage 16 bands 5 bands Visible Resolution 0.5 km ~1 km IR/WV resolution 2 km ~4-8 km Full disk Every 15 min Every 3 hr CONUS Every 5 min Every 15 min Mesoscale Every 30 sec! N/A

  25. GOES-R New Capabilities (Cont’d) Provide Better Detection and Measurements of: Cloud Structure Type, Height, Phase, & Temperature Other Atmospheric Elements: Wind, Moisture, & Temperature Lightning

  26. Some Applications of New GOES-R Data: • Improved Convective Initiation Predictions • Identification of Severe Weather Precursors • Improved Rainfall Amount Estimates • Better Estimates of Tropical Cyclone Intensity • Identify Areas of Turbulence and Icing • Improved Input to Numerical Weather Prediction Models

  27. Some Applications of New GOES-R Data: • Improved Convective Initiation Predictions • Identification of Severe Weather Precursors • Improved Rainfall Amount Estimates • Better Estimates of Tropical Cyclone Intensity • Identify Areas of Turbulence and Icing • Improved Input to Numerical Weather Prediction Models

  28. How will GOES-R improve warning lead times? • Rapid Cloud top cooling detection

  29. Convective Initiation • Detections of Rapid Cloud Top Cooling • can precede precipitation reaching the surface by 30-60 minutes • precedes first cloud-to-ground lightning strikes Images Courtesy CIMSS-UW Madison

  30. How will GOES-R improve warning lead times? • Rapid Cloud top cooling detection • Severe Thunderstorm Structures Better Detected and Monitored

  31. Severe Thunderstorm Structures Better Detected and Monitored • Overshooting tops • Collapse of overshooting top can precede severe weather/tornado on ground

  32. Severe Thunderstorm Structures Better Detected and Monitored • Overshooting tops • Collapse of overshooting top can precede severe weather/tornado on ground

  33. Severe Thunderstorm Structures Better Detected and Monitored • Overshooting tops • Collapse of overshooting top can precede severe weather/tornado on ground • Enhanced-V Signature • Usually related to Supercell/Severe Weather

  34. Severe Thunderstorm Structures Better Detected and Monitored • Overshooting tops • Collapse of overshooting top can precede severe weather/tornado on ground • Enhanced-V Signature • Usually related to Supercell/Severe Weather

  35. How will GOES-R improve warning lead times? • Rapid Cloud top cooling detection • Severe Thunderstorm Structures Better Detected and Monitored • Better Rainfall Estimates • Real-Time Lightning Monitoring (GLM)

  36. Geostationary Lightning Mapper • Real-Time detection of lightning across most of the Western Hemisphere • Flash Rate and Trends • IC/CC as well as CG lightning

  37. When? • GOES-R Launch scheduled for Fall 2015

  38. When? • GOES-R Launch scheduled for Fall 2015 • Operational with products available 2016

  39. When? • GOES-R Launch scheduled for Fall 2015 • Operational with products available 2016

  40. Summary of GOES-RNew Capabilities and Applications Higher resolution images received in more frequent time intervals A large suite of new products and applications

  41. Conclusion • New radar and satellite technology will result in improved forecast and warning operations.

  42. Conclusion • New radar and satellite technology will result in improved forecast and warning operations.

  43. Links • Dual-Polarization Radar • NWS ROC http://www.roc.noaa.gov/WSR88D/ • NSSL http://www.cimms.ou.edu/~schuur/radar.html • Next Generation Weather Satellite (GOES-R) • http://www.goes-r.gov/

  44. Q&A? Comments?

  45. Thank You! • Daniel C. Miller • National Weather Service • 2909 Aviation Way • West Columbia, SC 29170 • 803.822.8133 • daniel.miller@noaa.gov

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