如何写学术论文

1. 如何写学术论文

2. How to start • 确定学术思想：研究目标 新，集中，突出，重要性 • 组织内容材料：materials and methods

3. 写作过程 • 样板：决定格式与风格 format and style • 初稿：先把想法写出 • 修改成文：基本成文 • 编辑：内容与格式 • 定稿。

4. 样板－－－选择期刊 • 期刊的发表论文领域Scope of the journal • 衡量自己工作水平，选择与水平相当的期刊 太高：退稿 太低：可惜 略高：合适 • 按照所选期刊的要求着手communication full paper short note

5. Model or Template • MODEL: a paper in the journal that you wish to publish, better by English speaking author • Get help from the language, not the science • 3 basic characteristics: *Journal must be good; *Within the last 2-3 years; *At least one author is a native speaker of English

8. INOCHE scope • “Inorganic Chemistry Communications is an international journal dedicated to the rapid publication of short communications in the major areas of inorganic, organometallic and supramolecular chemistry.”

9. About Elsevier • 29% of Chinese science papers in ISI with Elsevier currently • Elsevier has 1800+ journals in 50+ subject areas.

10. ISI Market Shares Of Different Publishers (2004) Articles (all subjects) 各出版商所占ISI的论文份额 (2004) (所有学科) • Elsevier 25% • Springer 7.70% • Blackwell 5.30% • Wiley 4.60% • ACS 3.00% • Taylor & Francis 3.00% • Others 51.40% American Chemical Society

11. Environmental Science Earth Sciences Life Sciences Social Sciences Mathematics & Computer Science Physics Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Materials Science & Engineering Scientific disciplines for Elsevier

12. Types of contributions • Short Communicationsimportant reports of unusual urgency or original advances in inorganic and organometallic chemistry for which rapid publication is justified. • the Introduction, Experimental, Results and Discussion sections combined into a single untitled section • Mini Reviews generally upon invitation

13. planning • 学术思想aim of research；significance • 内容： introduction：切题 experimental：准确，完整，能重复 results and discussion references：按所选期刊要求 figures and tables acknowledgement：经费来源，帮助的人、室 supplementary

14. Basics：下笔之前要注意基本要求 • Editors of science journals want all ideas in language that is directly: § to-the-point §straightforward §in as few words as possible • In the voice of science §clarity is crucial: clear, precise, accurate 简单 扼要 准确

15. First draft初稿 • Need not be in English • Just to establish the skeleton, the bones of the article • Get all ideas down and establish the sequence of ideas on index cards • Arrange and rearrange the index cards for the most logical order • A sequence which is clean, precise, and without repetition

16. Introduction前言 • Start broadly: background • Narrow down: related to your project and the specific question  your aim • How you have tackled the question experimentally  lead the reader into your results • Include a review of the literature: newest, most recent, high listing journals

17. Experimental 实验 • Repeatable • Complete • Weight, mole, volume, ….data in correct unit expression as the journal required • Instruments: company, model

18. Results & discussion • Start with your findings, reverse to introduction • how the results have addressed your aim：如何从结果获得结论 • 对前言所述研究领域的影响如何

19. 前言与讨论之关系 introduction

20. Conclusion or Summary • 不是摘要的重复; • 重点指出该工作的学术贡献; • 对今后工作的理论指导意义或继续工作的方向.

21. Acknowledgement • 经费来源funding, financial support • 协助实验者experimental assistance • State Key Laboratory 致谢不够

22. Supplementary materials • 所有不在正文中的有关数据、 图表、照片等； • 审稿人的参考； • 数据库要求

23. References • Do as the journal requires: follow the model: §author list: last name first or last? § year, volume, page or volume, page, year? § 标点符号很重要 • good referencing－－－ Avoid plagiarism • Up to date近年，知名期刊 • 必须读过 • Use a consistent style 格式一致

24. 例一：J. Am. Chem. Soc.  ACS • 4. (a) Miao, Q.; Chi, X.; Xiao, S.; Zeis, R.; Lefenfeld, M.; Siegrist, T.; Steigerwald, M. L.; Nuckolls, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2006, 128, 1340-1345. (b) Aujard, I.; Baltaze, J.-P.; Baudin, J.-B.; Cogné, E.; Ferrage, F.; Jullien, L.; Perez, É.; Prévost, V.; Qian, L. M.; Ruel, O. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2001, 123, 8177-8188.

25. 例二：A book reference • Lin, G.-Q., Li, Y.-M., Chan, A. S. C. Principles & Applications of Asymmetric Synthesis, Wiley: New York, 2001. 出版年份 编辑 出版社，所在城市 书名

26. 例三：J. Fluorine Chemistry  Elsevier • [5] E. Castagnino, S. Corsano, B. Serena, Gazz. Chim. Ital. 113 (1983) 97-99.

27. Figure Should include the following: • The graphical display • The annotation: axes, scale, unit, label, arrow, numbers, letters………. • The figure title and legend title first，then a, b, c…in legend • Do not reiterate the contents of a figure legend in the text

28. ear tail nose Fore leg stomach Hind leg paw Fig. 1 No title,legend, or annotation Badly placed labels, too small

29. A much clearer figure with proper annotation, legend and a title tail Ear nose stomach Hind leg Fore leg Paw Fig. 1 A dog. The essential external anatomy of a dog is shown; the stomach is an internal organ.

30. Graph • A type of figure that provides summary of numerical data • More direct than data in a table • Useful for showing distribution of data, highlighting trends, summarizing relationships, • Characters must be proportional.

31. 与其它不成比例 太粗 灰色不突出 符号太小 太细 太小

32. Colour illustrations • Illustrations can be printed in colour when they are judged by the Editor to be essential to the presentation. • Some journals: no charge for the 1st page • No charge for electronic version

33. Tips for Achieving High-Quality Published Artwork • Submit originals ; • Use dark black ink on high-quality, smooth, opaque white paper; • Use lettering that will be no smaller than 5 points at final reduction. Helvetica or Arial works well for lettering; • Use lines no thinner than 1 point; • When possible, submit artwork that does not have to be reduced to fit a single column in the journal (3.25 in. across); • Use the best resolution available (graphics plotter, 600 or higher dpi laser printer); • Avoid textures and shadings.

34. Table • Three-line table format • Align to the left: for words • Align to the right: for numbers • Align according to the decimal point: for non-intergals

35. 例如

37. Common mistakes • Not referring to a figure or table in the text • Referring to data in the text but not illustrating it with a figure or table • No scales or scale bars in figures • Too much data in one graph or table

38. Safety notes • emphasize any unexpected or new hazards encountered in experimental work reported. • Perchlorate salts of metal complexes with organic ligands are potentially explosive. Authors are requested to place a cautionary note • Chemicals that have to be dealt with in a hood: fuming, poisonous, toxic,….

39. abstract • An extract of the essence of your work • a short statement of what was discovered, how it was done, how it fits with other research • for a communication, 1-2 sentences • for full paper, brief account of the results Less than 100 words

40. Graphical Abstract • pictogram and synopsis: §a synopsis of maximum 50 words §a drawing or reaction scheme (pictogram) illustrating their work. The pictogram should measure 55x50 mm for direct reproduction. If reduction is needed, please make sure that the illustration is still informative upon reduction.

41. Keywords • A maximum of six keywords should be indicated below the abstract to describe the contents of the manuscript. • Keywords should be selected from the following classes: theoretical methods, experimental methods, phenomena, materials, and applications.

42. Justification for rapid publication • Usually for communications • A description of the novelty and explanation of the reason for rapid publication • Real New findings not reported before • Unusual results

43. editing • Work in team: no one writes or edits well enough to work alone, the English language is too slippery, you need other eyes and minds to help you • Avoid repetition:无论多重要，多复杂，多创新，只说一次！The only acceptable repetition is in the final summary • Plagiarism:NEVER copy anything from others without fully acknowledging and referencing • 850 words for two-column page • 4 illustrations per page

44. Main reasons for rejection • Language; • Scope too broad; • Claim goes beyond the given data; • Too lengthy with unnecessary details; such as: § introduction not to the point § discussion of obvious results • Failed to give appropriate credit to others: §goodreferences are important and essential

45. Things to avoid while editing • Repeated vocabulary • Unnecessary explanation or description *too much background or history *too many details about what was done, or details about unsuccessful work *information about research irrelevant to the topic

46. Avoid using terms like: • “Novel” • “In our laboratory” • “By us” • “During the research” • “In this group” • “Really, actually, truly,”—ambiguous intensifiers • “Very”  worse than highly, strongly, surprisingly • “A lot, many” • “Fascinating, interesting, important” • etc

47. Editing verb tense 时态 • Simple present tense: all results, as the finding is an all-time truth 事实 • Present progressive tense: 尽量少用 • Present perfect tense: 可用，但小心 • Simple past tense: for experimental 常用 • 主动多于被动

48. 例子

49. Quick Check List for Authors Quick Check List for Authors • Submit to the right journal (scope and prestige) • Submit to one journal only • Submit 1/1 article(1 full article is better than 2 incomplete articles) • Be specific; mind the process • Pay attention to structure • Pay attention to journal requirements • Check the English! • Be honest!

50. Paper Submission Platform for Authors Author Gateway http://authors.elsevier.com • Submit your article • Track the status • Personalize your homepage Global author support Guide for publishing your paper Jnls in terms of subject Track your process