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New Views of the Solar Corona with Hinode X-Ray Telescope (XRT)

New Views of the Solar Corona with Hinode X-Ray Telescope (XRT). Taro Sakao (ISAS/JAXA) and the XRT Team (ISAS/JAXA, SAO, NAOJ, NASA/MSFC). XRT Sciences. Imaging observation of the soft X-ray/XUV corona with advanced imaging/temperature-diagnostic capabilities.

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New Views of the Solar Corona with Hinode X-Ray Telescope (XRT)

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  1. New Views of the Solar Corona with Hinode X-Ray Telescope (XRT) Taro Sakao (ISAS/JAXA) and the XRT Team (ISAS/JAXA, SAO, NAOJ, NASA/MSFC)

  2. XRT Sciences Imaging observation of the soft X-ray/XUV corona with advanced imaging/temperature-diagnostic capabilities • Photosphere-Corona connection • Formation and heating of the coronaincl. energy transport, storage, and dissipation • Outer-corona investigationextending to CME and solar wind investigations Vast varieties of active, or even non-active, phenomena in the corona:

  3. Hinode XRT Optimized set of focal-plane filters Sophisticated observation control by MDP CCD Camera and Radiator Graphite Tube Assembly Ascent Vents 2 places Electrical Box Back-Illuminated CCD Front Door and Hinge Assembly Grazing Incidence X-ray Mirror

  4. Al/Mesh Al/Poly Med-Al Med-Be Thin-Be Thick-Al Ti/Poly C/Poly Thick-Be Temperature Diagnostics with XRT • Optimized filter selection and layout • Adjacent filter pairs for temperature diagnostics • Both SXT-like and TRACE-like filters included in the set Low temperature (≦1 MK) diagnostics High-temperature plasmas

  5. Scientific Location of Hinode XRT(Angular resolution and temperature range) Yohkoh/SXT (Full Sun) Hinode/XRT (Full Sun) Temperature range ～2 MK SoHO/EIT (Full Sun) TRACE (Partial) Angular resolution (CCD Pixel Size) 2.5” 1” 0.5”

  6. FOV vs Cadence Full-Sun Coverage Outer corona investigation High-cadence observation on magnetic configuraiton and temperature evolution Yohkoh SXT 1000 Full-Sun XRT Non-flare (orbit-ave.) 2” pxl size, or Q~75 (3 bit/pxl) 100 Flare core with high spatial/temporal resolution Cadence (sec) (w/ adjacent filter motion) 10 Cover SOT FOV Flare (w/o filter motion) An-order-of-magnitude increased exposure cadence particularly for non-flare observations (Hardware limit by Telescope) 1 100 1000 Observing FOV Size (arcsec) Flare Core Active Region Global Corona / Heliospheric

  7. Started observation from Oct. 23 last year …ROI covering SOT/EIS FOV plus Synoptic full-Sun FOV (4 times a day) 1,000–2,000 exposures per day ＊Numerous XBPs now showing loop structures ＊Transient brightenings (microflares) in ARs ＊X-ray jet activities in polar regions ＊Activities in ‘quiet’ regions and coronal holes ＊Structure in diffuse corona ＊Loop structure for flares Hinode X-Ray Telescope (XRT) ■ Superior images with high spatial resolution and with high contrast ■ High cadence exposures ■ Imaging capability for low temperature (~1 MK) plasmas Hinode XRT 28 October 2006

  8. Hinode XRT and Yohkoh SXT Images at a Same Solar Activity Phase Hinode XRT Yohkoh SXT

  9. Active Region Imaging Hinode XRT Yohkoh SXT

  10. Quiet Regions Hinode XRT Yohkoh SXT

  11. X-ray Bright Points 1 2 Hinode XRT Yohkoh SXT 2 3 3 1 2 2 1 3 1 3 Bright points now resolved into ensemble of loops.

  12. 2007/04/16–17 Al/Mesh 8 s Exposures; 20 min Cadence

  13. X-ray Jets in Polar Regions ~10 events/hr …40,000 times higher detection rate than Yohkoh SXT (Cirtain et al. 2007, Savcheva et al. 2007, Shimojo et al. 2007) • Relationship with polar photospheric mag. field? • Implication to high speed solar wind?(Apparent jet velocity ~200 km/s)

  14. Activity in Quiet Sun and Coronal Holes (Ti/Poly Filter) (Al/Poly Filter)

  15. Transient Brightenings (Microflares)

  16. Continuous Upflow of Plasmas - Apparent upflow velocity ~140 km/s along (apparently open) field lines. [Subsonic] - Temperature ~1.3 MK Density ~2 x 109 /cm3 • Mass loss rate ~2 x 1011 g/s[Good fraction of mass loss rate by solar wind] (Sakao et al. 2007) (Ti/Poly Filter)

  17. M C B Dec. 17 12:00 Dec. 18 00:00 Dec. 18 12:00 Cusp Structure for LDE Loops (Al/Poly Filter)

  18. 06:00 12:00 Dec. 13 00:00 Loop Structure for an Impulsive Flare X M C (Thin-Be Filter)

  19. Temperature Distribution/Evolution Across the Whole Sun (Narukage et al. 2007)

  20. 加熱源 gradient(?) 密度 0.1 Rs 0.2 Rs 0.9x106〜1.5x106 erg sec-1 cm-2. Height Dependence of Coronal Temperatures around a Polar Coronal Hole 温度 Remove Mirror Scattering Effect by Utilizing Eclipse Data Coronal Hole Temperature: 1.0–1.5 MK 密度 2007 Feb.17 Corona Hole Density: 0.5～1.0　ｘ108 cm-3 (Kano et al. 2007)

  21. Summary (1) • XRT holds a unique position among solar SXR/EUV telescopes currently on orbit or being planned:* Continuous coverage of the entire temperature range in the corona for ≳1 MK plasmas … Capable of observing entire plasma processes that take place in the corona, with temperature diagnostic capability* High angular resolution/contrast observations for high temperature (≳2 MK) plasmas • High cadence observations… dynamics in quiet Sun/coronal hole regions

  22. Summary (2) • Structure and evolution of coronal magnetic fields and their associated temperatures • Expected to serve as a key tool for investigating photosphere-corona connection. At the same time, may have non-negligible impact on heliospheric study.

  23. Thank You

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