Chapter 7

1. Chapter 7 Colonial Life in North America

2. Tuesday, January 28, 2014 • Please take all of your belongings and stand in the back of the room silently

3. Tuesday, January 28, 2014 • Homework: • Make sure you can access online textbook • People, Places, and vocabulary page 232 and read lesson 1 (page 232-236) • Do Now: Open to a new blank page either in your notebooks or your iPad. Label it Material After Midterms: Chapter 7

4. Wednesday, January 29, 2014 • No homework  • Do Now: Clear off your desks. Have nothing but a pen and piece of paper. Make sure your name is on it.

5. Fighting for Florida • We have already learned that the Spanish established New Spain in 1535. • New Spain stretched from South America to Mexico, with its capital in Mexico City • By the mid 1500s, Spanish leaders decided they wanted to extend their colony into Florida • They knew about this region from the explorer Juan Ponce de Leon who traveled through this region

6. Defeating the French • Pedro Menendez de Aviles led a small fleet of warships to Florida • The French had already started building a settlement in the Florida territory • Menendez de Aviles made it his mission to find the French, defeat them, and claim Florida for Spain

7. Claiming Land • In a series of bloody battles, the Spanish defeated the French and claimed Florida. • The Spanish founded St. Augustine on the east coast of Florida • This was the first permanent settlement in what is now the US

8. New Mexico • Soon after moving into Florida, the Spanish began expanding into what is now the Southwest region of the US. • In 1598, Don Juan Onate led a small Spanish army north across the Rio Grande • The Spanish called this region New Mexico • They hoped to find silver and gold here

9. The Land • The Spanish found out this area was not rich in minerals • They also found that New Mexico was too hot and dry for most kinds of farming • The open grasslands were good for sheep and cattle ranching

10. Thursday, January 30, 2014 • Homework: page 240 Places, people, Vocabulary • Do Now: Please take out the notes from yesterday

11. Haciendas • Some wealthy ranchers built haciendas (large estates) • Haciendas were often self-sufficient communities, with vegetable gardens, workshops, and mills • To connect Mexico City with New Mexico, the Spanish built a road called El Camino Real (“The Royal Road”

12. Pueblo Revolt • In 1860, a Pueblo leader named Pope led a revolt against the Spanish in New Mexico • Pueblo people were ready to join his fight • The Spanish were enslaving the Pueblo people • Sending some to Mexico • Forcing some to work on ranches and mission in New Mexico

13. The Pueblo attacked settlements all over New Mexico • The Apache and Navajo joined in the fight • Pope and his men surrounded Santa Fe

14. Two Crosses • A Pueblo leader named Juan rode into the city carrying two crosses, one white, one red • When asked, Juan declared “If you choose the white there will be no war but you must all leave the country. If you choose the red, you must all die, for we are many and you are few” • The Spanish refused to leave, but were driven out of New Mexico

15. Read page 236 • What caused Native Americans in New Mexico to lose their unity and ultimately their hold on the land? • Why did the Spanish build new settlements in the Southwest in the 1700s?

16. Tuesday, February 4, 2014 • Homework: • Complete Page 246 vocabulary, people and places • Do Now: • Read page 246 “You Are There”

17. Conflict Over Land • Population of the colonies was growing quickly • Settlers wanted more land to build farms and towns • The only thing that made sense was to move west where Native Americans were living • Native Americans resisted English settlement

18. Land Conflict Leads to War • In New England, Metacom led Native Americans in battle against the English. • Metacom was a Wamanoag and the son of the chief, Massasoit. • The English called Metacom “King Philip” • This war became known as King Philip’s War • After a year, Metacom was killed, giving the English settlers a victory

19. Settlers Continue to Move West • During the 1700s, settlers continued to move as colonial cities, towns, and plantations grew • Because of this growth and constant need for more land, the Atlantic Coast was becoming more expensive.

20. The Backcountry • In search of land, families began moving to the backcountry • A rugged stretch of land near the Appalachian Mountains • Families: • built log cabins • Hunted • Carved small farms from the rocky soil

21. Settlers Move Even Farther West • By mid 1700s, settlers moved even farther • They had crossed the Appalachian Mountains, entering the Ohio River Valley • A region of fertile land and thick forests along the Ohio River • Other groups had already claimed this land!

22. Conflict Over Land AGAIN • Powerful Native Americans lived in the Ohio River Valley • The French claimed it was part of New France • Now What?? • WAR was the only thing that could decide who would claim this territory!

23. The Ohio River Valley • France’s claim of this land was based on Robert La Salle • He claimed the Mississippi River and all its tributaries • The French began building forts • England also claimed this land • British leaders wrote a letter demanding the French leave

24. The Ohio River Valley • George Washington, a young military leader at the time, was sent to deliver the message to the French • The French refused • In March 1754, Washington led 150 soldiers west to build a British fort. • The French had already built Fort Duquesne • Washington tried to capture this fort

25. Thursday, February 6, 2014 • Homework: • Page 251 2 & 3 • Do Now: • Map Adventure Page 248 • Have out vocabulary page 246 (Tues. HW)

26. The French and Indian War • Washington never got to Fort Duquesne • In the woods near the Fort, he had defeated a group of French soldiers • After this battle, Washington returned to Fort Necessity • A fort they had begun building a few days before • On a meadow in what is now southwestern Pennsylvania

27. The French and Indian War • “We expect every hour to be attacked by a superior force. Let them come, what hour they will” (George Washington) • And they did… • In July 1754, the French attacked on a rainy day • Many of Washington’s men were killed and wounded • Washington was forced to surrender

28. The French and Indian War • Washington and his soldiers were forced to return to Virginia • In the 13 colonies, the war was known as the French and Indian War • British forces were fighting against the French and their American Indian allies

29. Gaining Allies • The British tried to make Native American allies of their own • The Iroquois did not want to help at first • Hendrick, an Iroquois leader, pointed out that the fighting could end in the destruction of the Iroquois • Again, the British forces tried to capture Fort Duquesne. They were attacked and defeated

30. The British Worried • In London, the British realized that the French had been dominating this war • They sent more soldiers to fight in North America. • The British began winning battles with the help of the Iroquois

31. Friday, February 7, 2014 • HW: Chapter 7 test next Friday! • Do Now: Compare last night’s homework with a partner (page 251)

32. Key Battle • Quebec, the capital of New France, was captured by General James Wolfe and the British army • The British officially won the French and Indian War when the treaty of Paris in 1763 was signed • Much of the land of the Native Americans were now part of the British empire

33. Pontiac’s Rebellion • The British settlers were now moving onto the land that had been won • Native Americans resisted • In 1763, Pontiac, an Ottawa leader, led his warriors to revolt • British forts and settlements were attacked in the Ohio River Valley and along the Great Lakes

34. British Leaders Were Alarmed • The British did not want to fight anymore • King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763: • The colonists were no longer allowed to settle on land west of the Appalachian Mountains

36. Monday, February10, 2014 • Homework: • Complete newspaper article • Do Now: • Sequence the French and Indian War from the beginning

37. Newspaper article • Write an article announcing the French and Indian War including a description of causes and outcomes of attacks • Must be at least 3 paragraphs