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Cancer Basics

Term cancer derives from observation by Hippocrates Cancer is a group of diseases All involve uncontrolled division of the body’s cells. Cancer Basics. Tumors originate from a single cell Mutation that occurs usually in 1 of 2 types of genes: proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes.

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Cancer Basics

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  1. Term cancer derives from observation by Hippocrates • Cancer is a group of diseases • All involve uncontrolled division of the body’s cells Cancer Basics

  2. Tumors originate from a single cell • Mutation that occurs usually in 1 of 2 types of genes: proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes Cancer Basics

  3. DNA proofreading and repair The Body’s Natural Defenses

  4. DNA code redundancy The Body’s Natural Defenses

  5. The Body’s Natural Defenses Fig. 12-19 Anchorage dependence Density-dependent inhibition Density-dependent inhibition 25 µm 25 µm (a) Normal mammalian cells (b) Cancer cells

  6. Cell suicide (apoptosis) The Body’s Natural Defenses

  7. Cell suicide (apoptosis) The Body’s Natural Defenses

  8. Tumors originate from one cell, but as a tumor develops the cells within it can start to change / evolve becoming increasingly unstable! Cancer is a Multistep Process!

  9. RADIOLAB! Famous Tumors 4:25min • 1. How is cancer a multistep process? What are some of the “steps” involved? • 2. How does evolution / natural selection relate to cancer? • 3. Can cancer be contagious?

  10. Increased incidence with age • Increased incidence with exposure to environmental carcinogen or inherited mutation • Lag time between exposure and cancer development Cancer is a Multistep Process!

  11. 2nd leading cause of death in the U.S. • Men have a 1 in 2 lifetime risk of developing cancer; and women have a 1 in 3 risk • Only about 25% of all cancers are “hard core” Cancer’s Toll

  12. Immune-mediated tumor destruction • http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/13/health/13gene.html?pagewanted=all New Treatments?

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