BELLWORK: September 24 th

1. BELLWORK: September 24th • After the Persian Wars, the Greek city states will turn on one another. Neither Sparta nor Athens tolerated the other’s way of life or government. This division will lead to the Peloponnesian War. Read about this war on pages 88-89 and answer the first six questions on the wkst.  • Why did Persian forces want to punish the Greeks? • After the Persian Wars, what happened to Sparta & Athens? Why? • Explain the two sides of the Peloponnesian War. • What advantage did each side have? • What was the outcome of the war? Who won – why? List 3 reasons! • THINKER: How did this conflict affect the Greek city states and lead to their eventual decline?

2. The Athenian Empire • After Persia’s defeat, Athens took over leadership of the Greek world (led by Pericles) • Built defensive alliance with neighboring states • Controlled the treasury • Expanded their empire • Democracy flourished • Rebuilding = Athens is center of Greek culture

4. The Peloponnesian War • War between Sparta and Athens that lasted from 431BC to 404BC. • Discuss  • Explain the two sides of the Peloponnesian War. Include strategies of each side! • What advantage did each side have?

5. The Peloponnesian War • Who won the Peloponnesian War? Why? 3 reasons! • Sparta won! Because….. • Athens’ strategy was too defensive – could not defeat Sparta in open battles • A plague killed 1/3 of Athens’ population • Athens’ naval fleet was destroyed by a newly-formed Spartan navy (funded by Persia!) • Discuss  If Sparta and Persia were enemies, why would they work together in the Peloponnesian War?

6. The Peloponnesian War • Discuss  Even though Athens was the most powerful city-state it could not survive the Peloponnesian War. In your opinion, what was the biggest cause of Athens’ defeat? • Athenians surrendered in 404 B.C. • Discuss  How did the Peloponnesian War affect the Greek city states and lead to their eventual decline? • Constant war/battles weakened the Greek city-states and made room for new invaders (Macedonians) to take over.

7. Macedonia In the early 400s B.C., the Persians under both Darius I and Xerxes I tried to conquer the Greek city-states, but failed. 150 years later, the Macedonians made a similar attempt – and succeeded!

8. Making Connections…. • The Greeks viewed their Northern neighbors, the Macedonians, as barbarians. • They were rural people with little political influence • This would change under King Phillip II and his son, Alexander

9. Macedonia • Macedonia was a separate empire (city-state) north of Greece. • In 359BC, Philip II became king of Macedonia. • Three goals: • Create a strong army • Unify the Greek city-states under Macedonian rule • Destroy the Persian Empire

11. The Macedonians • Philip organized his infantry into phalanxes. • Each phalanx consisted of rows of soldiers carrying shields and swords – forming a solid wall. • The Greek city-states, weakened by the Peloponnesian War, could not defend themselves. • By 338BC, the Macedonians conquered all of Greece.

13. Next on Philip’s list was to wage war against Persia, until……. HE WAS MURDERED!!! He was killed by Pausanias, one of his bodyguards. His son Alexander, later known as Alexander the Great, took over the throne. The Macedonians

14. Alexander the Great • Alexander was a very ambitious leader who wanted to conquer the world! • His rule is still regarded as one of the most successful in all of world history! • To learn more about Alexander’s legacy, read pgs. 95-97 and finish the worksheet.

15. BELLWORK: September 25th • Define Republic. • What was Alexander’s main goal as king of Macedonia? How did he accomplish this? • What is Hellenistic? • What happened to the land after Alexander’s death? • THINKER: In your opinion, what was Macedonia’s most important achievement? Why? Explain!

16. Accomplishments of Alexander the Great • Conquered Persia • Never lost a battle • Hellenistic culture: combination of Greek and Middle Eastern cultures • United 22M Sq. Miles of territory • Set up a common currency • Established commercial centers (Alexandria) • Brought scientists on expeditions to gather data (biology) • Set the stage for Rome & Christianity

18. Hellenistic Culture: pgs. 98-99

19. Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C.

20. Decline of Macedonia • After Alexander’s death, Macedonian generals struggled for power – hope of unity was dead! • Four separate kingdoms emerged: Macedonia, Syria, Pergamum (Turkey) & Egypt. • All were soon conquered by the Romans

22. 2014: Alexander the Great - Newscast • In groups of 2-3, you are going to write a brief one minute newscast about the growth of Macedonia’s empire. • Get into character! Pretend you lived in the time period and were watching Alexander conquer numerous empires throughout Europe, Asia and Africa. • Follow the prompt and use the orange handout as a reference. • Suggestions: • Alexander’s rise to power • Alexander taking over the Persian Empire • Alexander’s expansion into Asia and Africa • Be creative and have fun! I will select a few groups to perform their newscast in class tomorrow!

23. 2015: Alexander the Great (pgs.63-65) • What happened when Alexander went to war with Persia? • What other lands did Alexander conquer? • What was Alexander’s main goal as king of Macedonia? • How did Alexander try to combine Greek and Persian cultures? • What happened to the land after Alexander’s death? • What are the characteristics of Hellenistic culture? • How is Hellenistic art different from ancient Greek art? • What advances did scientists in the Hellenistic period make?

24. 2016: Ancient Greece Cartoon Strip • The rest of class today - you will create an 8-panel cartoon strip. • The purpose of this cartoon strip is to review over the major aspects of ancient Greece from the beginnings of their civilization until the fall of Macedonia. • This is worth 30 points. Due Monday!