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DTU Branddag

Safety. DTU Branddag. 04/2011. By Head of Dept. Master in Fire Safety Finn B. Steffensen. Knowledgeable User. Round-robin study of fire modelling Dalmarnock Fire Tests [ Uni. of Edinb. et al. ] A posteriori modelling (8xFDS+2xCFAST) Common test description

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DTU Branddag

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  1. Safety DTU Branddag 04/2011 By Head of Dept. Master in Fire Safety Finn B. Steffensen I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

  2. Knowledgeable User • Round-robin study of fire modelling • Dalmarnock Fire Tests [Uni. of Edinb. et al.] • A posteriori modelling (8xFDS+2xCFAST) • Common test description • HRR of initial fire was provided • Pre-flashover well-ventilated round-robin studies -30%Texp +500%Texp [Rein et al. (2009), Fire Safety Journal 44, pp. 590-602] I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

  3. 2*Sd mean Sol 1 Sol 2 Sol 3 ForretningsstrategiRound-NIRAS F ‘Tilfældigt’ Overvejet Vel-overvejet $ I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

  4. Cost-benefitProblemer generelt F Omkostning til analyse Besparelse ved yderligere analyse $ Optimum I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

  5. Cost-benefit Brand analyser F Omkostning til yderligere analyse Besparelse ved yderligere analyse $ Optimum I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

  6. Funktionsbaserede brandkravEvaluering • EBST  • Arkitekter  • Brandrådgiver  • Andre  I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

  7. Comparative Evaluation of Prescriptive, Performance based and Risk based Fire Safety in an Office BuildingMaria Boe Hede, Master Thesis, March 2011 Comparative = deemed to succeed I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt Areal = 2100 m2 Etagehøjde = 3,2 m Personlast 400 per Brandinstallation (Anv. 1/3): Automatisk sprinkleranlæg Automatisk varslingsanlæg 7

  8. Brandteknisk dimensionering Information om brandteknisk dimensionering I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 8

  9. Brandteknisk dimensionering resultat Sprinklersystem virker Sprinklersystem virker ikke I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 9

  10. Designværdier Sandsynlig værst (samtidig) • Personbelastning (max) • Personfordeling (værst) • Brandplacering (værst) • Brandtype (soot-yield) (sandsynlig værst) • Brandtilvækst (forventet værst) • Brandstørrelse (forventet værst) • Detection and warning • Reaction and decision • Travelling time, flugtvejsdefinition (trapper) og flugtvejspræferencer (30/70) • No first aid intervention • Virkemåde af brandtekniske foranstaltninger (control mode sprinkler (!!?), afstand fra brand til detektor og/eller sprinkler osv.) • Svigt af brandteknisk foranstaltning • ESL/FSL > 1, 1,3, 2,0 !!!!? I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

  11. Risikoanalyser I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 11

  12. I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt Reaction and decision time 12

  13. Risikoanalyse Resultat (50.000 simuleringer) I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt 13

  14. Commissioning, Operation and Management • Operation: • Design compliance should be ensured throughout the building lifetime • System mean life time, L: • Regular verification of FP-SOM by testing [Klote (2002)] - Other: 1E-5/hr [Klote (2002)] - Fan: 1E-6/hr L=23 months L=9 months I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

  15. High rack storage400 mio EUR Storage New storage I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

  16. Danish FursQRA-analysis – Traditional Fire Strategy ∑ loss/year = 3 mio. EUR I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

  17. Danish FursQRA-analysis – Alternative Fire Strategy ∑ loss/year = 1 mio. EUR I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

  18. [EN 12101-5]: =4,000 kW Methodology of Use • Design fire uncertainty – e.g. car fire • DK: Same building owner may be met with different design fires • Premovement time • Fixed: ~30 s => ~300 s • Distribution of : DK: Great variation within group of FSEs and within group of AHJs [Okamoto et al. (2009), Fire Safety Journal 44, pp. 301-310] Npers/Ntotal 1.0 trd Shopping Office I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

  19. Mathematical Model • Fire modelling in PB design • A priori modelling • Leads to unclear risk levels • PBFC system must control math. assumptions 45 kg/s 75 kg/s 60 kg/s • 4. diff. math. models • Identical design fire I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

  20. Methodology of Use • Buoyancy-driven vent modelling Vena contracta No VC No VC Vena contracta I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

  21. Full-Scale Testing and Verification • Capacity of spiral stairs • AROS Museum of Modern Art, Aarhus (DK) • Hand rail in 1/3 point to improve capacity [Olafur Eliasson] Handrail I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt Improved Existing

  22. Full-Scale Testing and Verification • Full-scale test • 3 rep. tests with 200 pers. in each staircase • Findings Improved Existing Up 50% Compares to 0.7 m/s I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

  23. Fire Protection and Safety: the next 25 years • Demographics and Urban Growth Patterns • 1. Densification in population • 2. Changes in transportation modes • 3. Growing aged and disabled population • 4. Declining work force • 5. Changing cultural impacts on fire safety and fire safety education • 6. Increased population living alone • 7. Focus on renovation/repair/reuse/maintenance • Materials and Technology • 8. Smart building materials • 9. Changes in hazards of building contents – materials and configurations • 10. Increased power demands • 11. New fire fighting technologies – sensors, robotics, information and decision making technologies • Environment, Energy, Sustainability • 12. Frequency of natural disasters – fires and floods • 13. Green building design • 14. Aging fire safety and electrical systems • 15. Alternative fuels and energy sources • 16. Declining water resources in populated areas • 17. Hazardous materials regulation impact on fire protection materials I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

  24. Future work • Udfordringer: • Nybyg 130 mia kr • Ombyg 70 mia kr. • Acceptkriterier • Risikoacceptkurver • Forsikringsselskaber • Designbrande • Materialer • High rise Buildings I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

  25. Eksamensprojekter • Evakueringsforsøg med grise !!!?? • Brandsikring af aerosoloplag • Udvendig brandspredning, med facadebeklædning af EPS • mmm I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

  26. End of Presentation THANK YOU! [NRCC/MTQ: Full-scale fire test, Ville-Marie Tunnel, Montreal (CA)] I:\inf\pr-toolbox\overheads\Firmapresentation_nov2005.ppt

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