Greenhouse Effect and Biodiversity

1. Greenhouse Effect and Biodiversity Group Members: Alisa Juni, Nasa Bremer, Honoka Daio, Max Hayasaki

2. An Introduction to the Greenhouse Effect Max Hayasaki

3. Similar to the concept of a greenhouse • --> a greenhouse is designed that way because light is trapped in the space for a longer time than just exposing the plants to sunlight.  • Definition • --> the "greenhouse effect" occurs when the light reflecting the Earth's surface is trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases.   What is a "Greenhouse Effect"?

4. The Mechanism

5. Here are the most harmful greenhouse gases: • Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • Methane (CH4) • Nitrous Oxide (N2O) • Fluorocarbons (CFC, HCFC, HCF) The Greenhouse Gases

6. Chemical Properties: • CO2 turns into carbonic acid in an aqueous solution • Latent heat of vaporization is about 571KJ/kg • The vapor pressure of CO2 is 58.5 bar • CO2 does not burn or support combustion CO2 is usually emitted by the "burning" of substances, especially fossil fuels. It is almost the most common greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere. Carbon Dioxide

7. Chemical Properties: • Methane produces a large amount of heat when it undergoes combustion.  • Methane causes halogenation, which causes halogen atoms into molecules • The latent heat of vaporization is 510KJ/kg • The critical pressure of CH4 is 45.96 bar • Methane is produced when plants decay. It is also a flammable gas. Methane is extremely powerful, since methane can hold 20 times more heat than CO2.  Methane

8. Chemical Properties: • Critical pressure of nitrous oxide is 72.45 bar • The latent heat of vaporization is about 376KJ/kg • The vapor pressure of nitrous oxide is 58.5 bar • The gas is used in industries for hygiene mainly. • The gas is famous for its medical use. Its medical use is anesthesia, especially to create laughing gases. We use this gas in nitrogenous fertilizers and disposing waste also. This gas is not harmful for its amount, but for its time it remains in the atmosphere, which is about 100 years. Nitrous Oxide

9. Basic outline of gas and their properties: • The name, "fluorocarbons" comes from the fact that these gases have fluorine and carbon in their bonds. • They can easily be converted from liquid to gas, vice versa. • They are used to make cans, refrigerators, and AC's  These gases are very useful for industries, since they have a unique property of being able to convert their state easily. They are a threat to the environment because the emitted fluorocarbons destroy the ozone layers.  Fluorocarbons

10. Carbon Emission and its effects on the atmosphere Nasa Bremer

11. 9-26% of Greenhouse is made from CO2, and more is added through human activities • Burning fossil fuel, making electricity, etc • Correlation of the CO2 • Melting of the Poles - Less reflection and cooling; more heat and water • Deforestation - Harder to control the CO2 • Volume Expansion - When heated, gases and liquids expand - Rise of sea level and gas concentration • THEREFORE: Rise of global temperature, aka Global Warming From Emission to Global Warming

14. Habitat loss and migration Honoka Daio

15. Biomes: what is happening to them? • What are biomes: collection of ecosystem sharing similar climatic conditions • Tropical, Temperate/Polar desserts, Grasslands, Forests • How does the greenhouse effect affect these biomes? Affected biomes

16. Declining sea ice in arctic biomes Shifting whether patterns among attitudes

17. Temperature and climate changes affects structure of landscape • Most vivid change: Arctic biome • Arctic ice melt - sea level rise - erosions - increased salinity - floods... Habitat loss

18. Forced migration leads to competition of food and shelter • Species migrating according to specific seasons have more difficulties migrating • Difficult plant migrations • Extinction?? Migration of species

19. Greenhouse Effect and Biodiversity Alisa Juni

20. What is biodiversity? • variety of life found on Earth—its biological diversity • # of species of plants, animals, and microorganisms, the vast diversity of genes in these species, the varied ecosystems on the planet What is biodiversity?

21. -boosts ecosystem productivity-ensures natural sustainability -better chance of withstanding various natural disasters -affects life cycle - Provide for basic human needs Importance of biodiversity

22. Rising levels of greenhouse gases change global climate • change in ecosystem • Adaptation difficulties • the survival and natural growth of plants and animals.  How does greenhouse effect contribute to loss in biodiversity?

23. *key gases, nutrients, and organisms must be recycled to maintain a stable ecosystem. *these cycles will be affected Life Cycles

24. Affect on food cycle • Result in unnatural, unbalanced population loss/growth • Increasing risks of endangered species and extinction Feeding Relationships

26. Experimentation

27. Aim: To find out how greenhouse gases affect the temperature and environmental conditions of different ecosystems. • Overall process: used four water bottles to represent grassland and arctic; two bottles were wrapped in cling wrap (greenhouse gas layer) thermometer inserted into bottle and measured the change in temperature. Modelling how greenhouse effect affects the environment of certain biomes

28. Results

29. Results

30. greenhouse effect does cause an increase in temperature  • affects the environmental conditions of various biome • threats of biodiversity loss has increased Conclusion

31. Strengths: Good effort; good communication and organization within our group; fairly equal contribution; variety of research sources • Weakness: Managing time;problems with certain aspects of our topic; technical difficulties; Lacked in some materials for the experiment • How to improve: Set priorities right(schedule time); avoid technical problems at school by testing it beforehand; ask teachers for help/ be more prepared for experiment • Overall learning experience: A challenge but successful; cooperation and organization was key. Self Reflections: Group

32. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2qVNK6zFgE&feature=player_embedded#at=26http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2qVNK6zFgE&feature=player_embedded#at=26 http://www.globalissues.org/issue/169/biodiversity http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-01-undead-biodiversity-greenhouse-gas-emissions.html http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/farming-and-the-environment/6 http://www.buzzle.com/articles/global-warming-effects-on-animals.html http://www.worldwildlife.org/climate/Publications/WWFBinaryitem4929.pdf http://www.brighthub.com/environment/science-environmental/articles/80105.aspx http://news.mongabay.com/2007/0326-climate.html http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/21425 http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/climate-change/impacts/habitat_loss/ http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/gw-effects/ http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/biodiversity/biodiversity.html http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/biodiversity/biodiversity.html http://www.theglobaleducationproject.org/earth/global-ecology.php http://www.adalin.ro/rGUlbtsURrI/ Sources