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Concept of Health

Introduction to Public Health Lecture # 1 Dr. Mohammad Hayatun Nabi MPH(Aus), MHSM(Aus), MBBS Dept. of Public Health. Concept of Health. “ Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity”

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Concept of Health

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  1. Introduction to Public HealthLecture # 1Dr. Mohammad HayatunNabiMPH(Aus), MHSM(Aus), MBBSDept. of Public Health

  2. Concept of Health • “ Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity” • The ability to lead a socially and economically Productive life. Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  3. Philosophy of Health • Health is a fundamental human right • Health is intersectoral • Health is an integral part of development • Health and its maintenance is a major social investment • Health involves individual responsibility, national responsibility and international responsibility. Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  4. Dimensions of Health Health is multidimensional, e.g. • Physical Dimension • Mental dimension • Social Dimension • Spiritual Dimension • Emotional Dimension Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  5. Major Dimensions of Health Physical dimension Mental Dimension Social Dimension Minor Dimensions of Health Spiritual Dimension Emotional Dimension Dimensions of Health Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  6. Dimensions of Health Physical Dimension: perfect functioning of the body Signs of physical health: • Good complexion • Clear skin • Bright eyes • Good appetite • Sound sleep • Regular activity of bowels and bladder • Smooth, easy and coordinated movement • All the special senses are intact Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  7. Dimensions of Health Mental Dimension: a state of balance between the individual and the surrounding world. Criteria of a mentally healthy person: • Is free from internal conflict • Is well adjusted • Has a strong sense of self-esteem • Knows himself/herself, his/her needs, problems and goals • Knows his/her strength and weakness • Has good self-control • Faces problems and tries to solve them intelligently Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  8. Dimensions of Health Social Dimension: harmony with other members of society Emotional Dimension: it relates to feeling Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  9. Determinants of Health The factors which influence health lie both within the individual and externally in the society in which he/she lives are collectively known as determinants of health. Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  10. Determinants of Health • Health is multi-factorial. The more important determinants are as follows: • Biological, Behavioral, Environmental, Socio-economic, Socio-cultural, Health system, Aging of the population, Sciences and technology, Information and communication, Gender, Equity and Social Justice and Human rights. Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  11. Concept of Public Health: Definition: “Public health is the science and art of promoting health, preventing disease, prolonging life and improving quality of life through the organized efforts of society. As such, public health combines sciences, skills and beliefs directed to the maintenance and improvement of health of all people through collective action. The programs, services and institutions involved tend to emphasize two things: the prevention of disease and the health needs of the population as a whole” Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  12. Concept of Public Health: • The term public health is primarily being used to refer to the set of government funded services whose intent is to improve and protect the health of the public. • There is a core set of programs and services that tend to be common from one jurisdiction to another: • Prevention and control of chronic diseases and injuries • Prevention and control of communicable diseases • Environmental health • Healthy development throughout the lifestyle Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  13. Concept of Public Health There are 2 distinguish features of public health: 1. It deals with prevention of a health problem rather than treating a health problem. 2. It deals with population-level, rather than individual-level health issues. Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  14. Public Health • Objectives: • Prevention of diseases and prolongation of life • Promotion of health and efficiency • Elevation of the standard of living, adequate for health maintenance • Provision of the right to health and longevity Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  15. Public Health Historical Development • Phase I: Rise of Public Health: Originated from England’s industrial revolution, generated by mass migration of rural workers • Edwin Chadwick, lawmaker-turned-reformer… wrote report of sanitation in 1842, organized community on sanitation issues • British doctors: John Snow in 1854, and William Budd in 1873: epidemiologic studies on cholera and typhoid, respectively. • Eventually: Public health movement rose in England and spread in Europe and America Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  16. Public Health • Historical Development (contd.) • Phase II: Retreat of Public Health: Towards end of nineteenth century, • Robert Koch from Germany and Louis Pasteur from France introduced BACTERIOLOGICAL ERA • Reinforced the Germ theory---- introduced vaccines….. Public health movement went to the backyard Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  17. Public Health Historical Development (contd.) • Phase III: Return of Public Health: After a few years, the germ-theory dogma reduced and multi-factor phenomenon came into place. Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  18. SCOPE OF PUBLIC HEALTH • Environment control • Communicable diseases control • Non-communicable diseases control • Personal health services to the vulnerable groups or segments of the population Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  19. The Public Health Workforce • Anthropologists • Biostatisticians • Communication officers • Community development workers • Community health representatives in Aboriginal community • Community lay health visitors • Dental assistants • Dental hygienists • Dentists • Dieticians • Engineers • Epidemiologists • Geographers • Health educators • Health promotion specialists Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  20. The Public Health Workforce • Infection control practitioners • Infection disease specialists • Laboratory personnel/ technicians • Lawyers • Licensed practical nurses • Medical microbiologists • Medical officers of health • Nurses • Nutritionists • Occupational therapists • Pharmacists • Physicians • Physiotherapists • Public health inspectors • Sociologists • Veterinarians Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  21. How do Public Health Professionals Work? Public health professionals try to prevent health problems from happening or re-occurring through • implementing educational programs, • developing policies, • administering services and • conducting research, in contrast to clinical professionals, such as doctors and nurses, who focus primarily on treating individuals after they become sick or injured. Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  22. PREVENTIVE MEDICINE • Definition: Preventive medicine may be defined as “the science and art of preventing diseases. prolonging life and promoting health and efficiency of groups of individuals, and individuals within these groups, through interception of the diseases process”. • Preventive medicine identifies weak links in the chain of natural history of disease and attacks those links to arrest diseases process before the involvement. Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  23. Public health and Preventive Medicine Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

  24. Thank You Dr.Mohammad Hayatun Nabi

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