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SOL Questions Set 7. How do viruses compare to organisms? Viruses are sub-cellular ; they are not cells. Viruses cannot exist on their own. They need a host. They are not classified in one of the kingdoms.
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How do viruses compare to organisms? Viruses are sub-cellular; they are not cells. Viruses cannot exist on their own. They need a host. They are not classified in one of the kingdoms.
Viruses are tiny particles of nucleic acids surrounded by a protein coat (capsid). • What are the components of a typical virus?
How do viruses replicate? Viruses replicate by the lytic cycle. Steps to the lytic cycle: 1. Virus attaches to another cell’s membrane (host cell) and injects its DNA or RNA. 2. Viral DNA or RNA takes over protein synthesis, creating new viruses. 3. The host cell bursts, releasing the newly formed viruses. This type of replication kills the original cell rapidly.
3. *Continued* How do viruses replicate? Some viruses replicate by way of the lysogenic cycle. The viral DNA inserts itself into the host cell’s chromosome and takes a while to kill the host cell.
How are viruses specific to particular host cells? Viruses are specific for particular host cells based on specific elements in the viral capsid, which adheres to receptor sites on the cell membrane.
5.What do taxonomists use to determine similarity between organisms? Scientists use structural similarities, comparative embryology, and comparative biochemistry when determining taxonomic relationships. The more similarities that exist between two organisms, the more they share common ancestry.
How does taxonomy lend insight into the process of evolution? Taxonomists, or persons who classify organisms, compare modern day organisms to each other and to life forms found in fossils. From this, they can determine the evolutionary history of an organism or phylogeny.
What are the major divisions of the modern classification ? Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Most organisms are referred to by their common name. Carolus Linnaeus developed the two name naming system called binomial nomenclature which includes thegenus and species.
8. What are the distinguishing characteristics of monerans, protists, and fungi? Monerans –prokaryotic bacteria that break down harsh chemicals at hazardous waste sites -they can also decompose solid and liquid waste at sewage treatment plants
8. continued Protists - Eukaryotic Plankton (tiny microorganisms) which are an essential base in aquatic food chains Protozoans are animal-like, plant-like, or fungus like.
8. continued Fungi – -Eukaryotic organisms that break down organic materials (decomposers), converting them to a form that can be used by living things -Are heterotrophs (have to obtain food from outside sources).
How do bacteria, algae, and fungi help the environment and economy? • Bacteria (monerans) are important in genetic engineering research and serve as decomposers in the environment. • Algae (protists) serve as producers in food chains and are additives for many food products. • Fungi are important in decomposition of dead organic matter. They are used in making bread and cheese and are also used to produce antibiotics.
What evolved from algae? Green plants are thought to have evolved from algae.
What virus causes AIDS and how does it replicate? The Human Immunodeficiency Virus is responsible for the clinical diagnosis of AIDS. AIDS replicates by means of the lysogenic cycle. It contains RNA which is converted into DNA when it attacks the host cell. The DNA is incorporated into the host DNA.
What infections led to death in AIDS patients? Pneumonia and Kaposi’s Sarcoma can arise as a result of a weakened immune system due to AIDS.
How can the spread of AIDS be prevented? The spread of HIV can be prevented by limited unprotected sexual contact, not sharing contaminated needles, and carefully screening blood supplies.
