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Wireless Security

Wireless Security. Wireless Security Explosion of Devices. Spectrums: 802.11x, Bluetooth, Infrared, Cellular, Radio, Microwave, Satellite. Wireless Security Wireless Cities. August 21, 2004 BBC News

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Wireless Security

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  1. Wireless Security

  2. Wireless SecurityExplosion of Devices • Spectrums: 802.11x, Bluetooth, Infrared, Cellular, Radio, Microwave, Satellite

  3. Wireless SecurityWireless Cities August 21, 2004 BBC News New York set for citywide wireless.In exchange for being able to mount up to 18,000 new lamp post-based antennas, to strengthen coverage around the five boroughs, the companies will pay the city government around $25m each year. "This is something that makes sense," he added. "The companies are anxious to do it, and we think it will improve service for New Yorkers." There is already one patch of midtown Manhattan that provides an ideal glimpse of what a more wireless-friendly New York will be like. Bryant Park has been providing a free service to any laptop user who wants access for many months now. Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3578982.stm

  4. Wireless SecurityAlbany, NY Wireless August 21, 2004 Times Union Internet hot spots popping up.On Tuesday, Lemery Greisler LLC will celebrate the first free, public wireless Internet hot spot in downtown Albany. But Omni Plaza, a brick courtyard across the street from the law firm's offices at 50 Beaver St., is just the centerpiece of the ground-up effort to blanket downtown with wireless Internet coverage. "What we're unveiling is the pilot," said Scott Almas, a Lemery Greisler associate and driving force behind the effort. "There's a better mousetrap than these little access points. My vision was: Throw out some cheese, draw in the mouse and then put in a better mousetrap. That would be universal, ubiquitous coverage." Earlier this year, Intel Corp. released a ranking of American cities with the best wireless access. Despite its Tech Valley moniker, the Albany-Schenectady-Troy area ranked 71st, behind regions such as Wichita, Kan., and Worcester, Mass. The as-yet-unnamed downtown effort is an attempt to change that. "At some point this will be part of the municipal infrastructure," Almas said. "But until the mice come out, nobody has any interest in putting in a better trap." Source: Times Union

  5. Wireless SecurityAlbany, NY Access Points Empire State Plaza War Driving in Albany

  6. Wireless SecurityAccess to Wireless Data July 1, 2004 CNN.com Report: Homeland Security vulnerable to wireless hackers.WASHINGTON (CNN) -- Although charged with making the nation more secure, the Department of Homeland Security has not taken the steps needed to secure its own wireless communications, according to a report from the department's Inspector General. Wireless messaging services played a critical role following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. While cellular telephone service was out, key personnel remained in contact using messaging services. But wireless technology can facilitate unauthorized access to wired networks and data through eavesdropping or theft. Those vulnerabilities increase the need for strong security controls. The report concludes that Homeland Security cannot ensure that its sensitive information about terrorist threats and security is not being monitored, accessed, and misused. Source: Times Union

  7. Wireless SecurityWireless Concerns • Security is the top issue with Wireless Ethernet • A larger percentage of government respondents rated this as an issuecompared to industry respondents. Source: 2003 Wireless LAN Benefits Study,Cisco Systems

  8. Wireless SecurityWireless Attacks • Denial of Service • Jamming (by using a device which will flood spectrum with noise and traffic) • Spoofing identity (through cloning MAC address of and setting strength of signal to greater than other user) • Spoofed access points (clients are usually configured to associate with the access point with the strongest signal) • ARP poisoning • Attacker can get packets and frames from the air by “poisoning” caches of MAC/IP combinations of two hosts connected to the “physical” network. • Sleep Deprivation Attacks • People run programs on wireless devices to drain all its power Source: Wireless Attacks and Penetration Testing part 1, June 3, 2002

  9. Session Hijacking Exploit Demonstration • Vulnerability: • Inherent weaknesses in underlying protocols used on computer networks today • e.g. ARP’s protocol lack of authentication and limited table entries. • Attack Scenario: • Start hunt and identify active sessions. • Passively monitor session. • Hijack the session. • Perform malicious activity. • Terminate the session.

  10. Session Hijacking Protection/Detection • Protection: • Use encryption. • Use strong authentication. • Configure appropriate spoof rules on gateways. • Monitor for ARP cache poisoning. • Additional protection at the Data Link Layer: • Use port security feature on Ethernet switches. • Hard code ARP tables on your critical servers and turn • off ARP on your network interfaces.

  11. Conclusions

  12. Computer SecurityLayered Approach to Security • Do not underestimate internal network threats. • Apply industry best practices in day-to-day work. • Use layered approach with information security. • Take a proactive approach with information security. • Do not wait for an incident to happen and react when it may be too little, too late.

  13. AcknowledgementsOrganizations/People • Thanks to the support of: • NY State Center for Information Forensics and Assurance, UAlbany • NY State Office for Cyber Security and Critical Infrastructure Coordination • New York State Police • Thanks to Damira Pon, CIFA for assistance in preparing this presentation • Thanks to Sandy Schuman and Steve Walter for organizing the Korean Executive talk

  14. Additional Material

  15. AppendixSecurity Tools

  16. AppendixWireless Protocols

  17. Wireless SecurityTerms • WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) • WEP is an authentication scheme (not required) • Only good for data between access points • Uses 24 bits for initialization vector (same vector can be used for different packets) and leads to possible duplication. • Hackers only have to collect data frames by using a network monitoring tool and then run a program called WEPCrack. • War Driving • Needs global positioning system (GPS), wireless laptop, and software • Software keeps track of position and access point configuration. • Data uploaded to internet databases of wireless access point maps. • War Spamming • Exploiting wireless networks in the process of war driving to spend spam. Source: Security Focus, Infocus, “Wireless Attacks and Penetration Testing part 1” , June 3, 2002 Silicon.com, “Can Spammers Really Exploit Wireless Networks”, September 8, 2004

  18. Wireless SecurityNew Security Technologies • 802.11i • Upgrade of other wireless 802.11a/b/g standards. Fixes WEP problems. • Use of WPA, WPA2 and AES • Ability to use RADIUS-based authentication of users • WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) • Rekeying of global encryption keys is required (unlike WEP) • Requires TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) which replaces WEP encryption • Needs specific hardware and software • For home and small business users • WPA2 • For enterprise • Incorporates 802.1X • AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) • Meet the needs for the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 140-2 specification (required by many government agencies) • Needs a dedicated chip to handle encryption and decryption Source: http://www.wi-fiplanet.com/news/article.php/3373441

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