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Educational Psychology 302. Session 5 Students With Special Needs. Perspectives on Intelligence. G Factor Multiple ___________- (Gardner) Triarchic Theory (Sternberg) C ontext E xperiences C ognitive Processes Dis_______ Intelligence. Diversity in the Classroom. Ethnic differences
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Educational Psychology 302 Session 5 Students With Special Needs
Perspectives on Intelligence • G Factor • Multiple ___________- (Gardner) • Triarchic Theory (Sternberg) • Context • Experiences • Cognitive Processes • Dis_______ Intelligence
Diversity in the Classroom • Ethnic differences • Gender differences • Socio-economic differences • . . . . “At-Risk”
Supporting At-Risk Students • Identify early • Anchor learning in experiences student can _______ to • Hold high ___________ for success (incremental successes) • Provide extra _________ • “Locus of control” of success • Build an identification with school
Approaching the Needs of Special Students • Self-Contained Classrooms: In public schools, but separated from “normal students” • Mainstreaming: SNS’s regular schooling with resource room “pull-out” • ___________: Students integrated into all aspects of schooling
Students fail to get the intensive __________ instruction many of them need to acquire basic skills. Higher achievement Better __________ High __________ Better attitude towards school Perspectives on Inclusion Disadvantages Advantages
Cognitive Disability • Learning difficulties—processing, memory, reading, writing, social • ADHD—impulsivity, lack of ability to focus, easily ___________ • Speech and communication disorders—articulation and mispronunciation problems, stuttering
Social/Behavioral Problems • Emotional/Behavioral disorder— • __________ . . . defiance, aggression, disobedience • ___________ . . . Anxiety, withdrawl, depression • Autism—impaired social skills, communication problems, aggression, narrowly focused interests, need for predictability
Delays in Cognitive/Social Function • Mental Retardation • Lack of adaptive skills . . . Self-care, social interaction, daily living, • General intelligence deficit . . . Delayed maturity, low performance on standardized measures, poor achievement across all subject areas
Physical Disability • Health Related—cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, epilepsy, Asthma, cystic fibrosis • Vision Related—congenital . . . Sensitivity to light, fuzzy acuity, restricted vision field • Hearing Related—narrow frequency range, complete loss of hearing, hard of hearing
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Gifted and Talented • General intellectual ability • Discipline specific ability • Creativity • Visual or performing arts • Leadership