Cell Structures and Functions Unit 5 – Chapter 4

1. Cell Structures and FunctionsUnit 5 – Chapter 4

2. The Cell Theory Devised by Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow. • _______________________________ _____________. • _______________________________ _____________________. • _______________________________ _____________________..

3. The World of Cells Cell – basic building block of life. ______________– (1665) – observed the dead cells of cork. He likened them to cells in a prison….thus coining the name “cell”. _______________ – nutrition, digestion, excretion, secretion, absorption, biosynthesis, respiration, response, reproduction.

4. 2 Types of Cell Organization • ______________: • Exs.) Bacteria and Cyanobacteria ONLY • smaller and less complex than eukaryotes • Do not have membranes enclosing cell parts, therefore NO DISTINCT NUCLEUS • DNA (genetic material) is on a circular loop in center of cell

5. 2. _________________: • includes all cells other than bacteria and cyanobacteria (prokaryotes) • Larger and more complex than prokaryotes • Have cell parts that are enclosed in membranes • HAVE A DISTINCT NUCLEUS THAT HOUSES THE DNA

6. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Go to Section:

7. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • _____________ • Nickname: “The Control Center” • Function: holds the DNA • Parts: • _______________: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes • _______________: controls traffic in/out of nucleus • _______________: all substances INSIDE the nucleus • _______________: unraveled chromosomes = DNA

8. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Go to Section:

9. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • _____________ • Function: site where _______________ _________________ • Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

10. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • _____________________(ER) • Nickname: “Highway system” • Function: Provides a route for cell products to move throughout the cell

11. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Go to Section:

12. Endoplasmic Reticulum • 2 Types: • _____________: • Rough appearance because it has ribosomes attached • Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes • _____________: • NO ribosomes attached • Function: makes fats or lipids

13. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Go to Section:

14. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • _______________ • Nickname: “Shipping department” • Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different locations inside/outside of the cell • Appearance: stack of pancakes

15. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Go to Section:

16. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • _____________: circular, but bigger than ribosomes) • Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” • Function: _________________________ ____________________ into particles the the cell can use, and to destroy old and diseased cells

17. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

18. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • __________________ • Nickname: “The Energy Factory” • Function: ______________________ • _____________________________________ _____________________________ • ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

20. Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

21. A Few Additional Cell Organelles ___________ – in animal cells, this is a food storage sac. ____________ – all substances OUTSIDE the nucleus. ____________– controls traffic in/out of the entire cell.

22. Now let’s talk about structures ONLY found in PLANT Cells!!

23. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Water Vacuole Cell Membrane Go to Section:

24. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • _______________ • Function: stores water, sugars, waste products • This is what makes lettuce crisp • When there is no water, the plant wilts

25. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Go to Section:

26. Eukaryotic Plant Cell Organelles and Function • ______________ • Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell • Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is the green pigment that captures the sunlight

27. Chloroplasts

28. 2 Other Types of Plastids ________________ – many different colors such as those found in fruit and flowers. ________________ – cloudy white or clear…they store starch such as in potatoes, rice, squash.

29. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Go to Section:

30. Eukaryotic Plant Cell Organelles and Function • ____________ • Function: _______________________ ______________ to the cell membrane • Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells • Allows the plant cell to hold high water pressures…this keeps the plant from wilting

31. Plant Cell Cytoplasm Smooth ER Vacuole Ribosomes Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleolus Golgi Bodies Nucleus Mitochondria Rough ER

32. How Do Some Organisms Build from the Cell?? (Also known as the levels of organization in living things)……..see below…… • Cell – basic unit ↓ • Tissue – group of CELLS that work to do the same job such as Nervous tissue ↓ • Organ – group of TISSUES that work to do the same job such as the heart. ↓ • System – group of ORGANS that work together to do the same job such as the digestive system ↓ • Complete Organism – group of SYSTEMS that work together to do one job