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CSE 581: Module 2 - Hardware

CSE 581: Module 2 - Hardware. Raghu Machiraju Slides: Courtesy - Prof. Huamin Wang, CSE, OSU. Architecture. Keyboard and mouse. Graphics card. Power. CPU. Hard drive. DVD ROM. Memory. Raster Graphics Systems. Raster: Images are represented by an array of picture elements (pixels).

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CSE 581: Module 2 - Hardware

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  1. CSE 581: Module 2 - Hardware Raghu Machiraju Slides: Courtesy - Prof. Huamin Wang, CSE, OSU

  2. Architecture Keyboard and mouse Graphics card Power CPU Hard drive DVD ROM Memory

  3. Raster Graphics Systems Raster: Images are represented by an array of picture elements (pixels).

  4. Frame Buffer Screen resolution Refresh rate Pixel format 1 bit: black & white 8 bits: 256 levels of gray 32 bits: 16 million colors (true color)

  5. Size of Frame Buffer • For example, the screen is 1960×1080 with 24 bits per pixel, how big is the frame buffer? • Frame buffer may store other information, such as depth values. Number of pixels × Bits per pixel Screen resolution Pixel format 1960×1080×24=51M bits = 6M bytes

  6. A Prototype Graphics System CPU Memory Frame buffer in main memory? Frame buffer System bus (motherboard) Video controller

  7. An Early Graphics System CPU Memory System bus (motherboard) Graphics memory: on-board frame buffer for faster access Graphics memory Video controller Graphics card/video card/display card

  8. An Early Graphics System CPU Memory System bus (motherboard) A processor dedicated for graphics processing Graphics memory Video controller Graphics processor (GPU) Graphics card

  9. Companies Building Graphics Cards

  10. Comparison (Flops: Floating-point operations)

  11. Evaluation

  12. Graphics Pipeline: Software

  13. Graphics Pipeline: Hardware Geometry stage Rasterization stage

  14. Graphics Bus Interface: Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) CPU Memory System bus (motherboard) PCI bus 133MB/s Other peripherals: wireless card, sound card, … Graphics memory Video controller Graphics processor (GPU) Graphics card

  15. Problems with PCI • PCI bus becomes a bottleneck! • Shared with other devices. • Lots of data from main memory to graphics memory: textures, geometry… • Example: 2M triangles, 90 bytes each => 180 MB > 133 MB (PCI bandwidth)

  16. Graphics Bus Interface:Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) CPU Memory System bus (motherboard) PCI bus AGP bus AGP 1.1: 533 MB/s AGP 3.0: 2133 MB/s 132 MB/s Other peripherals: wireless card, sound card, … Graphics memory Video controller Graphics processor (GPU) Graphics card

  17. Features of AGP • No local bus congestion. • Faster data transfer (20 times faster than PCI). • More geometry can be transferred. • Direct execution of many operations from the man memory.

  18. Graphics Bus Interface: Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCI-e) CPU Memory System bus (motherboard) 3GB/s (Shared, parallel) PCI-e bus Other peripherals: wireless card, sound card, … Graphics memory Video controller Graphics processor (GPU) Graphics card

  19. Readings & Labs Textbook: Chapter 1 & 2

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