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H112: Past as Prologue

H112: Past as Prologue . Treaty of Versailles. Germany has to cede Alsace-Lorraine to France Germany has to cede territory to Belgium Germany has to cede the main part of West Prussia and almost the whole province of Posen to Poland Germany has to cede all colonies

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H112: Past as Prologue

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  1. H112: Past as Prologue

  2. Treaty of Versailles • Germany has to cede Alsace-Lorraine to France • Germany has to cede territory to Belgium • Germany has to cede the main part of West Prussia and almost the whole province of Posen to Poland • Germany has to cede all colonies • German General Staff is abolished • Germany is not allowed to have tanks, airplanes, submarines, large warships, and poison gas • Total size of the Germany army is not to exceed 100,000 men • German navy has a maximum of 15,000 men • Germany is allowed a total of 4,000 officers • Germany has to cede to the allies half of all large seagoing ships, a fourth of its fishing fleet, and two fifths of its inland navigation fleet • Germany has to pay £6.6 million in gold

  3. Peace? “This is not peace; it is an Armistice for twenty years.”Ferdinand Foch, Marshall of France and Supreme Allied Commander

  4. Other Treaties Austria – Treaty of St Germain, 10 September 1919 Land – Austria lost land to Italy, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia Reparations – Austria was to pay reparations but went bankrupt Hungary – Treaty of Trianon, 4 June 1920 Land – Hungary lost land to Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia, reducing its size from 283,000 sq km to less than 93,000 sq km and population was reduced from 18.2 million to 7.6 million Bulgaria – Treaty of Neuilly, 27 November 1919 Land – Bulgaria lost land to Greece, Romania, and Yugoslavia Turkey – Treaty of Sevres, 20 August 1920 Land – Turkey lost land to Greece and the League of Nations took control of all of its Middle East territory

  5. War to End All Wars? Russian Civil War, 1917-1924 Russo-Polish War, 1919-1921

  6. Military Revolutions Defined “Its defining feature is that it fundamentally changes the framework of war.” {“They were earthquakes”} “Military revolutions recast society and the state as well as military organizations. They alter the capacity of states to create and project military power” “ . . .uncontrollable, unpredictable, and unforeseeable. . .” “they [who experienced military revolutions] came to recognize the grim face of revolutionary change; they could rarely aspire to do more than hang on and adapt.”

  7. Revolutions in Military Affairs (RMA’s) Defined “Revolutions in military affairs require the assembly of a complex mix of tactical, organizational, doctrinal, and technological innovations in order to implement a new conceptual approach to warfare or to a specialized sub-branch of warfare.” “They do appear susceptible to human direction and … military Institutions that are intellectually alert can gain significant advantage”

  8. Vindication? “The wrangling over Operation Iraqi Freedom - such as carping that there were not enough troops on the ground and that units outran their supply lines - resulted from Rumsfeld's decision to fight the war on RMA principles. Initial plans called for a "Gulf War II" deployment with a slow build-up of massive numbers and huge supply lines. Rumsfeld insisted on lighter and faster. It was a gamble, but it paid off.” Richmond Times-Dispatch 6 May 2003

  9. Revolutions? “We are witnessing a revolution in the technology of war. Power is increasingly defined not by size but by mobility and swiftness. Influence is measured in information; safety is gained in stealth; and forces are projected on the long arc of precision-guided weapons.” - Governor George Bush at The Citadel, September, 1999 What is revolutionary about the FCS? What do we hope to gain from the system of systems? Given what you have learned from H100, what may be the problems or weaknesses of the system?

  10. Food for thought “For all the ‘4th Generation of War’ intellectuals running around today saying that the nature of war has fundamentally changed, the tactics are wholly new, etc., I must respectfully say, ‘NOT REALLY’: Alexander the Great would not be in the least bit perplexed by the enemy that we face right now in Iraq, and our leaders going into this fight do their troops a disservice by not studying- studying, vice just reading- the men who have gone before us. We have been fighting on this planet for 5,000 years and we should take advantage of their experience. ‘Winging it’ and filling body bags as we sort out what works reminds us of the moral dictates and the costs of incompetence in our profession” MG James Mattis USMC 20 November 2003 Quoted in Thomas Rick’s Fiasco, 317

  11. Professional Education Today “Some of the experiences they (officers) are getting today are better than anything they will get in a classroom. . . . It's not giving up something for nothing. We have a generation of leaders in the Army today that are battle-tested and are much more capable of leading the Army from the actual experience they have.” - Senior Defense Official commenting of DOD plans to curtail Army officer education quoted in Eliot Cohen, “Neither Fools Nor Cowards,” Wall Street Journal, 13 May 2005

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