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Performance of polymer-coated urea (ESN) as a nitrogen source for corn

Performance of polymer-coated urea (ESN) as a nitrogen source for corn. Larry G. Bundy Dept. of Soil Science Univ. of Wisconsin. What Is ESN?. A semi-permeable polymer coating is applied to urea fertilizer. The polymer coating controls the rate nitrogen is released to the soil and crop.

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Performance of polymer-coated urea (ESN) as a nitrogen source for corn

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  1. Performance of polymer-coated urea (ESN) as a nitrogen source for corn Larry G. Bundy Dept. of Soil Science Univ. of Wisconsin

  2. What Is ESN? • A semi-permeable polymer coating is applied to urea fertilizer. • The polymer coating controls the rate nitrogen is released to the soil and crop. • Warming soil temperatures stimulate crop growth and nitrogen release. • Unreleased nitrogen is protected from exposure to the environment until needed by the crop. • The protective coating reduces nitrogen loss to the environment.

  3. Recommended Timing of Nitrogen Applications for Corn

  4. Timing of Nitrogen Uptake by Corn Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.

  5. Effect of N timing on the relationship between N rate and corn grain yield, Hancock 2002.

  6. PROCEDURES Location: Hancock ARS 2003-2004 Objectives: Determine optimum N rates and time of application for several N fertilizer materials including polymer coated urea (ESN) for corn on sandy irrigated soils

  7. ESN Release Mechanism H2O H2O H2O Urea solution concentration constant Urea solution concentration decreases Decay Lag period Linear diffusion

  8. N Source & timing effects on corn grain yield at Hancock, WI, 2003

  9. N Source/timing and N rate effects on corn grain yield at Hancock, WI, 2003

  10. TREATMENTS -2004 • Control (0 lb N/a) + 40 lb S/a* • Polymer-Coated Urea (ESN) • Split (Preplant & 4 wk): 100, 150, 200, and 250 lb N/a + 40 lb S/a. • Preplant: 100, 150, 200, and 250 lb N/a + 40 lb S/a. *S source = gypsum

  11. TREATMENTS - 2004 • Ammonium Sulfate • Split (4 & 6 wk): 100, 150, 200, and 250 lb N/a. • Preplant: 150 and 200 lb N/a. • Preplant + nitrification inhibitor (DCD): 150 and 200 lb N/a • Sidedress (4 wk): 150 and 200 lb N/a.

  12. TREATMENTS - 2004 • Urea • Preplant: 150 and 200 lb N/a. • Sidedress (4 wk): 150 and 200 lb N/a + 40 lb S/a. • Sidedress (4 wk): 150 and 200 lb N/a w/o S.

  13. OBSERVATIONS -2004 • Rainfall and irrigation patterns • Visual appearance of 2004 nitrogen treatments

  14. Timing of rainfall, irrigation, and N applications. Hancock, WI 2004 Preplant N May 5 6 wk sidedress June 22 4 wk sidedress June 8 Rainfall (inches) Total Precip = 17.08” Total Irrig = 6.5” Date

  15. Timing of rainfall, irrigation, and N applications. Hancock, WI 2004 Preplant N May 5 6 wk sidedress June 22 4 wk sidedress June 8 Rainfall / Irrigation (inches) Total Precip = 17.08” Total Irrig = 6.5” Date

  16. PCU/ESN, preplant 250 lb N/acre + sulfur 8 July 2004

  17. Ammon. sulf., Split 4 & 6 wk 250 lb N/acre 8 July 2004

  18. Control No N+ Sulfur 8 July 2004

  19. Ammonium sulfate, preplant 200 lb N/acre 8 July 2004

  20. Ammonium sulfate, preplant + NI 200 lb N/acre 8 July 2004

  21. Urea, preplant + Sulfur 200 lb N/acre 8 July 2004

  22. PCU/ESN, preplant 200 lb N/acre + sulfur 8 July 2004

  23. Urea – Sidedress, 4 wk 200 lb N/acre + Sulfur 8 July 2004

  24. Urea – Sidedress, 4 wk 200 lb N/acre , no Sulfur 8 July 2004

  25. Ammonium sulf.-Sidedress, 4wk 200 lb N/acre 8 July 2004

  26. Ammon. sulf., Split 4 & 6 wk 200 lb N/acre 8 July 2004

  27. PCU/ESN, split, pp & 4 wk 200 lb N/acre + sulfur 8 July 2004

  28. SUMMARY - 2004 • Rainfall patterns favored leaching • Preplant N treatments showed N deficiency (except PCU/ESN) • Sidedress or split N applications were superior to preplant • PCU/ESN shows potential for lowering N losses where all or part of the N is applied preplant

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