1 / 32

Carbon Dioxide and Moisture Removal System

Coeus Engineering. Carbon Dioxide and Moisture Removal System. NASA ECLSS July 17, 2002. Team Organization. Jessica Badger Project Coordinator Honeycomb structures April Snowden Researcher Carbon nanotubes. Dennis Arnold Team Leader Aerogels Julia Thompson Researcher

carolef
Download Presentation

Carbon Dioxide and Moisture Removal System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Coeus Engineering Carbon Dioxide and Moisture Removal System NASA ECLSS July 17, 2002

  2. Team Organization • Jessica Badger • Project Coordinator • Honeycomb structures • April Snowden • Researcher • Carbon nanotubes • Dennis Arnold • Team Leader • Aerogels • Julia Thompson • Researcher • Honeycomb structures Coeus Engineering

  3. Overview • Space Launch Initiative Program • Current RCRS Design • Solid Amine Technology/Ion Resin Beads • Carbon Dioxide/Moisture Removal System (CMRS) Design Requirements • Coeus Engineering’s Design Process • Possible Designs • Honeycomb structures • Carbon nanotubes • Aerogels • Future Work Coeus Engineering

  4. Space Launch Initiative Program • Focuses on the future of exploration and development of space • Creation of 2nd Generation Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) • Reduce risk of crew loss to 1 in 10,000 missions • Lower payload cost to less than $1,000 per pound • Incorporate latest technology for CO2 removal Coeus Engineering

  5. Current RCRS Design • 11 layered CO2 adsorbent “beds” • Alternating active and inactive beds • Active beds remove CO2 • Inactive beds exposed to vacuum release CO2 • Dimensions: 3 ft x 1 ft x 1.5 ft • 70% beds • 30% controls/valving • Removes ≈ 0.62 lbs CO2/hour • 7 member crew • Requires 26 lbs of solid amine chemical • Requires flow rate of 40 cfm Coeus Engineering

  6. Current RCRS Design • Ion resin beads • Copolymer of polystyrene and divinylbenzene • Sometimes made from Acrylic • ≈ 3mm diameter • Extremely porous • Coated surface area: 250-350 m2/cm3 Coeus Engineering

  7. Current RCRS Design • Hamilton Standard produces solid amines used in RCRS • Solid amine chemicals • CO2 and H2O “loosely” bond to solid amines • Reaction produces heat • Common alkanolamine CO2 adsorbents: • monoethanolamine (MEA) • diethanolamine (DEA) • methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) Coeus Engineering

  8. Current RCRS Design • Active/Inactive beds inter-layered • Active beds pressurized and heated • Inactive beds cold and exposed to vacuum • Large pressure and temperature gradients • Aluminum Puffed Duocell Foam • Houses ion-resin beds • Structural rigidity • Heat transfer properties Coeus Engineering

  9. Current RCRS Design • Channeled air flow • Each bed contains 4 bead-filled foam chambers • Retaining screens • Prevent beads from entering main air stream • 8 screens per layer • Create large pressure drop Coeus Engineering

  10. CMRS Design Requirements • Maximize solid-amine surface area • Minimize pressure drop through each bed • Maximize structural rigidity • Maximize heat transfer from active to inactive beds Coeus Engineering

  11. Design Process Coeus Engineering

  12. Honeycomb Structures • Packed or joined together in hexagonal manner • Lightweight • High strength and rigidity to weight ratios • Commonly used in sandwiched structures • Airliner floors • Airplane wings • Motorcycle helmets Coeus Engineering

  13. Honeycomb Structures • Applied in directional air/fluid flow control and/or energy absorption • Available in 5052 and 5056 Aluminum alloys • Varied cell sizes • 1/16” - 3/8” • Can be perforated • Allows air flow • Improves heat removal Coeus Engineering

  14. Honeycomb Structures • Various grades can be exposed to temperatures up to 430 oF • 5 lbs/ft3 • .0015 nominal thickness • Provides for about 30.38 in2 surface area per cubic inch Coeus Engineering

  15. Honeycomb Structures • If coated with chemical, surface area not comparable to that of beads • Would provide structural rigidity • Would provide heat transfer Coeus Engineering

  16. Carbon Nanotubes Enter the World of Carbon Nanotubes Coeus Engineering

  17. Discovered by Sumio Iijima in 1991 High-resolution transmission electron microscopy Fullerene-related structures Consists of graphene cylinders closed at either end What is it? Coeus Engineering

  18. Types of Carbon Nanotubes • Single-walled carbon nanotube • Single sheet of carbon atoms • 1 < d < 3 nm. • Multi-walled carbon nanotube • Multiple sheets of carbon atoms • d > 3 nm. Coeus Engineering

  19. Diameter Size of nanometers 1/50,000th of a human hair Length Several micrometers Largest is ~ 2 mm Each nanotube is a single molecule Hexagonal network of covalently bonded carbon atoms Super strength Low weight Stability Flexibility Good heat conductance Large surface area 300-800 m2/cm3 Attributes of Carbon Nanotubes Coeus Engineering

  20. Mechanical Properties • Extremely strong • 10-100 times stronger than steel per unit weight • High elastic moduli • About 1 TPa • Flexible • Can be flattened, twisted, or bent around sharp bends without breaking • Great performance under compression • High thermal conductivity Coeus Engineering

  21. Possible Uses • Transistors and diodes • Field emitters for flat-panel displays • Cellular-phone signal amplifiers • Ion storage for batteries • Materials strengthener • Polymer composites • Low-viscosity composite Coeus Engineering

  22. Potential Use for CMRS • Coat nanotubes with solid amine • Maximize surface area • Eliminate mesh retaining screen • Carbon nanotubes fixed to housing structure • No need for beads • Minimize pressure drop • Nanotube structure to channel air • Replace aluminum Duocell foam with aluminum/carbon nanotube composite • Coat carbon nanotubes with solid amine and fit into honeycomb or Versacore structure Coeus Engineering

  23. What is an Aerogel? • Critically evaporated gel • Lightest solid known • Almost transparent solid • Great insulator Coeus Engineering

  24. The History of Aerogels • Samuel Stephens Kistler • A friendly little wager • First publication: Nature 1931 • Little done until late 1970’s Coeus Engineering

  25. Aerogels as Support Structures • Young’s modulus: 106 – 107 N/m2 • Tensile strength: 16 Kpa • Density: ≥ 0.003 g/m3 • Support 1500 times their own weight Coeus Engineering

  26. Aerogels as Insulation • Examples of use: • Modern refrigerators • Mars rover • 39 times better than best fiberglass insulation Coeus Engineering

  27. Aerogels as High Surface Area Materials • Up to 99% air • Pore size • Range from 3 nm to 50 nm • Average about 20 nm • Effective surface area: 300 – 400 m2/cm3 Coeus Engineering

  28. Aerogels and Coeus Engineering • Recap • Strong • Lightweight • High surface area • Does not require a screen • Can the aerogel be coated? • Different base materials • Place inside honeycomb Coeus Engineering

  29. Carbon Nanotubes / Aerogels Coeus Engineering

  30. Future Plans • Wrap-up research • Nanotubes • Aerogels • Carbon nanofoam • Prepare cost analysis • Compare and contrast research findings • Confer with John Graf • Decide on a final recommendation • Final presentation and final report Coeus Engineering

  31. Special Thanks!! • Dr. John Graf • Dr. Ronald O. Stearman • Marcus Kruger Coeus Engineering

  32. Questions? • Preguntas? • Questionne? • Bопрос? • Kwestie? • Ninau? • Swali? • Spørsmål? • Förhöra? Coeus Engineering

More Related