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AVIATION HISTORY IN TURKEY AND IN THE WORLD

Explore the rich history of aviation in Turkey and around the world, from individual pioneers to wartime efforts and post-independence developments. Learn about key figures, significant events, and the impact of aviation on Turkish history.

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AVIATION HISTORY IN TURKEY AND IN THE WORLD

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  1. AVIATION HISTORY IN TURKEY AND IN THE WORLD

  2. AVIATION HISTORY IN TURKEY IndividualAttemptsBeforethe Age: Imam Cevheri, Lagari Hasan Celebi, Hazarfen Ahmet Celebi, Erzurum Ibrahim Hakki, Bebekli Arif Bey, Oflu Ismail, Ibn-i Firas. (Dr. John Wilkins) Ballooning: 19 January 1784 MongolfierBrothers, militaryuse in the 19th century: France-Austria, France-Germany, Brazil-Paraguay andAmericanCivilWar.

  3. Aircraft Period: • Aircraft designefforts in France andEngland, • First Flight December 17, 1903, Wright Brothers in USA • First Use in War: Tripoli, October 1911, March 1912 againstTurkishForcesbyİtaly • TurkishAviation: On June 1, 1911, AviationCommitteewasestablished (Air Force Day). • First Training in France (Yzb. Fesa, Tgm. Kenan) • First Flight April 26, 1912, in İstanbul (Pilot’sDay) • First Flight School, Yesilkoy, 1912, 17 aircraft

  4. Use in Balkan War: • October 1912, • 18 aircraft in the enemyforces, • 17 aircraft in our side • Especially in the second stage, very effective air tasks were performed.

  5. Sureyyaİlmen Report for the Development of Aviation (1913): • Aviationhaveto be handeled as an independentability. • Development of Tayyare School, • According to the lessons learnedfrom the Balkan War: In the three-year period in the Balkan (Edirne, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ and Çanakkale), 4 aircraftsquadrons (detachment) and 6 fixed Balloon Park to be placed. • 2 aircraftsquadrons in Erzincan and Erzurum, 4 Baloonparksin Eskişehir, Ankara, Yozgat and Sivasto be established. • For this purpose, the allocation of 250 thousand Liras. • Result: dismissed.

  6. Hacksetter Report, 1913: • A separate air force inspectorate should be established in the Ministry of War. • MetarialOrganization staff should be provided at a sufficient level, • Yesilköy should also be a workshop, • Adequate Meteorology station should be established, • Establish an aviation club for participation in international aviation clubs, • A Society like the Navy Society (Donanma Cemiyeti) should be established, • Aviation should be improved with all sizes.(Industry) • Result: Contract wascancelled.

  7. İstanbul-CairoMission: 8th of January 1914

  8. Aircraft Donations: • Navy Society (Donanma Cemiyeti) • Sultan, • Pashas, • Officers and • Public Participation.

  9. Turkish Aviation in the WWI: . 1915: 15 Aircraft, 12 Pilot . 1916: 90 Planes, 81 Pilot, 57 Rasıt . 1917: 81 Planes, 61 Pilot, 41 Rasıt Deployment Status: • 1916: 13 AircraftDetachment in the Eastern, Caucasian, Palestinian, Çanakkale, Iraqi Fronts (4-5 Aircraftperdetachment) • 1917: In addition to these fronts, for Istanbul Front 4 detachmentwereadded. ( total of 17 detachment) • 1918: In addition to these, 8 moredetachmentswereaddedforAmman and Palestinian Fronts . (Total 25 detachment)

  10. General Information in the WWI • 450-500 aircraft served • Including150 German "Pasha" aircraft fleets, • They returned backafter the war (295 Pilot, 1740 Technical staff) • Other WWI Participants Inventory: 219.799

  11. Sevr Treaty Allcombatvehiclesandallmaintenanceandtechnicalcentersconfiscated Article. 191: “The Turkish armed forces must not include any military or naval air forces. Article. 192: “Within two months the personnel of the Turkish land, sea andairforces shall be demobilised.”

  12. Sevr Treaty Article. 194: «During the six months the manufacture, importation and exportation of aircraft of every kind, parts of aircraft, engines for aircraft and parts of engines for aircraft shall be forbidden in all Turkish territory.” Article. 195: “… all military and naval aeronautical material must be delivered by Turkey, at her own expense, to the Principal Allied Powers.…”

  13. AviationDuringIndependanceWar • The weakest period because of the SevrTreaty. • Initially there are 19 Pilot and 10 Mechanics. • Aircraft Inventory: • 3-4 planes kidnapped from Istanbul (Kartal) • Airplane purchasedby 172th Regiment officers • 4 airplaneswhicharepurchasedby «Erzurumlu Nafiz Bey» • 10 Reconnaissance aircraft (1922) purchasedfrom France (unarmed) • 20 Reconnaissance aircraft (1922) purchased from Italy (unarmed) • 42 Phasedout aircrafttakenfrom Germany

  14. Aviation in TurkishIndependanceWar The Greek Occupation Army has 100 aircraft. Duringthe 2nd İnönü and the Great Offensive Operationaviators were very successful. However, because of the impossibilities, the Greek army withdrawn in Çeşme Harbor could not be destroyed. DuringTurkishwithdraw in Palestine, the 7th and 8th Army were heavily damaged by British aircraft.

  15. Turkish Air Force in the Republican Period The Commanders of the Balkan War, the First World War and the War of Independence are now Republican Leaders: The lessons learned and the importance of air power are well known. • 1925: First AviationIndustry: TOMTAŞ • 1925:Establishment of Turkish Aviation Association (TAA/Türk Tayyare Cemiyeti-TTC) • 1927:Air Force Inspectorate in NMOD wasestablishedandnew aircraft werepurchased • 1928:3 Air Battalion (with two detachments each) in Eskişehir, Diyarbakır and İzmir • 1929: Air Surgeonbranchwasestablished • 1930: Flight training from Italy

  16. Turkish Air Force In The Republican Period

  17. Turkish Air Force In The Republican Period 1932 Turkey tour: 3 aircraft

  18. TurTurkish Air Force In The Republican PeriodkishAir Force In The Republican Period:

  19. Turkish Air Force In The Republican Period: SabihaGökçen's Balkan campaign: Athens, Thessaloniki, Sofia, Belgrade, Bucharest 1944: Air Force becomes an Independent Force. The first commander; ZekiDOĞAN 1952: Jet Age and NATO Membership: Establishment of 9 Main Jet Base 1964:The Cyprus Crisis, Jhonson’s Letter, 1967 Cengiz TOPEL. 1974: Cyprus Peace Operation, the 42-month US embargo. 1974:Turkish Air Force Strengthening Foundation.

  20. AVIATION HISTORY IN THE WORLD • World Aviation in WW I: • Aircraft Generating Countries and Production quantities: • England: 58.144 • Germany: 48.537 • Italy: 20,000 • USA: 15,000 • Spain: 5,431 • France: 67.987 • Russia: 4,700

  21. World Aviation in WW I: Total Production Amount: 219.799 Losses in battle: 116.250 Turkey's number of aircraft during WW I : 300 Conclusion:Countrieswhich has advencedtechnologyandindustrialrevolitionwereabletogeneratemoreaircraft.

  22. World Aviation in WW II Aircraft producing (generating) countries and production quantities: • USA : 329.750 (20 Factory) • USSR : 158.218 • England : 131.549 • Canada : 16.431 • France : 4.016

  23. Commonwealth :3.081 • Germany :119.871 • Japan :76.320 • Italy :18.000 • Hungary :1.046 • Romania :1.000 • Total produced aircraft: 854.382 • Turkey's number of aircraft in this period: 700 • Conclusion: Those who understand the importance of aviation in the war have established the Aviation Industry

  24. TurkeyDuringSecond World War and post developments: Population 17 million during the war, the number of soldiers 1.7 million Afterwar: loser’s armyhas been discharged, the winners have reduced the presence of the armyexceptSoviet. Turkey remained under Soviet threat and retained the military presence U.S. aid in the context of the Truman doctrine (preventing the proliferation of Soviets in Turkey, Greece and Iran) (1947-1949) Marshall Plan (USA plan to stand up Europe after War) (1950-1953)

  25. How to be successful in flighttraining Focusandpersistence Learning Curiosity (be yourinstructor) MentalSimulation (Missionpreperation in advance) Morerepeat AdequatesleepandnutritionRegularsports Do not be earlysatisfied

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