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Quantitative Research

Quantitative Research. SPED 500 Dr. Sandra Beyda. Designs that maximize objectivity by using numbers, statistics, structure, and experimenter control. Modes Experimental mode Non-experimental mode. Quantitative Research. Structure of a Data Based Study. Abstract Introduction Method

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Quantitative Research

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  1. Quantitative Research SPED 500 Dr. Sandra Beyda

  2. Designs that maximize objectivity by using numbers, statistics, structure, and experimenter control Modes Experimental mode Non-experimental mode Quantitative Research

  3. Structure of a Data Based Study • Abstract • Introduction • Method • Results • Discussion • Summary & Conclusions • References

  4. Experimental Research Types True experiment Quasi-experimental Single Subject

  5. True Experiments • Internal validity • External validity • Randomization • Systematically vary or manipulate • Hold constant • Assume invariance or irrelevance • Matching • Statistical control

  6. Threats to Internal Validity Maturation When there is a statistically significant result (X > Control) History Testing Nonequivalence Regression Interactions with Selection Mortality Instrumentation

  7. Threats to Internal Validity Insensitive dependent variable When there are non-significantly different results: Small sample size Treatment implementation Treatment not long enough John Henry Effect Treatment diffusion

  8. Threats to External Validity • Population validity • Ecological validity • Operations validity

  9. True Experiment Designs • Posttest only • Pretest-Posttest • Solomon 4 Group Design • Factorial Design

  10. Quasi-experimental Research Designs • No Random Assignment! • One group • Time series approach • Two groups • Static group comparison • Non-equivalent control group

  11. Reliable measurements Repeated measurements Baseline Introduction of treatment Reversal or withdrawal Maintenance Replication Single Subject Research Characteristics

  12. Single Subject Research Designs AB ABA ABAB Multiple Baseline

  13. How about a little practice exercise?

  14. Don’t worry. I’ll wait!

  15. Descriptive Comparative Correlational Ex Post Facto Non-Experimental Modes of Inquiry

  16. Descriptive Research • Single Group • Cross-sectional • Longitudinal

  17. Comparative Research

  18. Correlational Research • Purpose:What is the relationship between variable A and B? • Uses: • Theory building • Establish predictive relationships

  19. Correlational Research • Bivariate correlational studies • Prediction studies • Predictor variable • Criterion variable

  20. Correlational Research Limitations • Correlation and Causation • Spurious Correlations • Size of Correlation Coefficients

  21. Ex-Post Facto Research • Purpose: • To examine how an identified independent variable effects the dependent variable when circumstances do not allow for the manipulation of the independent variable • Conditions for establishing cause-effect connections • (1) statistical significance- • (2) IV before DV. • (3) Alternative causes

  22. Ex-Post Facto ResearchDesigns • Single Group • Between Group • Problems • Self selection • Correlation-causation fallacy • Direction of causality

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